fix(microservices): introuduce max pattern depth and object complexity

chore(release): publish v11.1.14 release
Merge pull request #16384 from nestjs/fix/fastify-middleware-vulnerability
2026-02-22 15:31:40 +00:00 · 2026-02-20 10:48:05 +01:00 · 2026-02-17 17:24:39 +01:00 · 2026-02-17 17:23:24 +01:00 · 2026-02-17 17:22:01 +01:00 · 2026-02-17 09:48:57 +01:00
337 changed files with 21722 additions and 22214 deletions
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -165,28 +165,16 @@ jobs:
          name: Integration tests
          command: npm run test:integration

-  codechecks_benchmarks:
-    working_directory: ~/nest
-    docker:
-      - image: cimg/node:<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - *restore-cache
-      - *install-deps
-      - *build-packages
-      - run:
-          name: Install native wrk
-          command: .circleci/install-wrk.sh
-      - run:
-          name: Run codechecks with benchmarks
-          command: yarn codechecks:benchmarks
-
  samples:
    working_directory: ~/nest
    docker:
      - image: cimg/node:<< pipeline.parameters.maintenance-node-version >>
+      - image: redis:8-alpine
+        name: redis
    environment:
      DISABLE_OPENCOLLECTIVE: 'true'
+      REDIS_HOST: redis
+      REDIS_PORT: 6379
    steps:
      - checkout
      - *restore-cache
@@ -195,6 +183,7 @@ jobs:
          name: Build all samples
          command: npm run build:samples

+
 workflows:
  build-and-test:
    jobs:
@@ -220,6 +209,4 @@ workflows:
      - samples:
          requires:
            - build
-      - codechecks_benchmarks:
-          requires:
-            - build
+
--- a/.circleci/install-wrk.sh
+++ b/.circleci/install-wrk.sh
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -e
-cd "$(dirname "$0")"
-
-# based on https://medium.com/@felipedutratine/intelligent-benchmark-with-wrk-163986c1587f
-
-cd /tmp/
-sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev git -y
-git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/wg/wrk.git wrk
-cd wrk
-sudo make
-# move the executable to somewhere in your PATH, ex:
-sudo cp wrk /usr/local/bin
--- a/.commitlintrc.json
+++ b/.commitlintrc.json
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
        "socket.io",
        "ws",
        "testing",
-        "websockets"
+        "websockets",
+        "release"
      ]
    ]
  }
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.yml
@@ -64,46 +64,13 @@ body:
      label: "Expected behavior"
      description: "A clear and concise description of what you expected to happened (or code)"

-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        ---
-
-  - type: checkboxes
-    validations:
-      required: true
-    attributes:
-      label: "Package"
-      description: |
-        Which package (or packages) do you think your issue is related to?
-        **Tip**: The first line of the stack trace can help you to figure out this
-
-        The package isn't listed below? Try to find its repository [here](https://github.com/orgs/nestjs/repositories) and open the issue there instead
-      options:
-        - label: "I don't know. Or some 3rd-party package"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/common</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/core</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/microservices</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/platform-express</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/platform-fastify</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/platform-socket.io</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/platform-ws</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/testing</code>"
-        - label: "<code>@nestjs/websockets</code>"
-        - label: "Other (see below)"
-
-  - type: input
-    attributes:
-      label: "Other package"
-      description: "If your issue is related to some package that is not listed above nor under @nestjs org, write its name here"
-
  - type: input
    attributes:
      label: "NestJS version"
      description: |
-        Which version of `@nestjs/core` are you using?
+        Which exact version of `@nestjs/core` package are you using?
        **Tip**: Make sure that all of yours `@nestjs/*` dependencies are in sync!
-      placeholder: "8.1.3"
+      placeholder: "10.0.0"

  - type: textarea
    validations:
@@ -122,7 +89,7 @@ body:
    attributes:
      label: "Node.js version"
      description: "Which version of Node.js are you using?"
-      placeholder: "14.17.6"
+      placeholder: "24.0.0"

  - type: checkboxes
    validations:
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
      with:
        # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
        # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:

    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
    - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
      with:
        queries: +security-extended
      # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
    - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4

    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ jobs:
    #   make release

    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ yarn-error.log
 /packages/**/.npmignore
 /packages/**/LICENSE
 *.tsbuildinfo
+/.nx/workspace-data

 # example
 /quick-start
--- a/.prettierignore
+++ b/.prettierignore
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 packages/**/*.d.ts
 packages/**/*.js
 .nyc_output
+
+/.nx/workspace-data
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 (The MIT License)

-Copyright (c) 2017-2025 Kamil Mysliwiec <https://kamilmysliwiec.com>
+Copyright (c) 2017-present Kamil Mysliwiec <https://kamilmysliwiec.com>

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
--- a/Readme.md
+++ b/Readme.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://nestjs.com/" target="blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logo-small.svg" width="120" alt="Nest Logo" /></a>
+  <a href="https://nestjs.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logo-small.svg" width="120" alt="Nest Logo" /></a>
 </p>

 [circleci-image]: https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/github/nestjs/nest/master?token=abc123def456
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  <p align="center">A progressive <a href="https://nodejs.org" target="_blank">Node.js</a> framework for building efficient and scalable server-side applications.</p>
    <p align="center">
 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/~nestjscore" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@nestjs/core.svg" alt="NPM Version" /></a>
-<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/~nestjscore" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/l/@nestjs/core.svg" alt="Package License" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest/blob/master/LICENSE" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/l/@nestjs/core.svg" alt="Package License" /></a>
 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/~nestjscore" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/@nestjs/common.svg" alt="NPM Downloads" /></a>
 <a href="https://circleci.com/gh/nestjs/nest" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/github/nestjs/nest/master" alt="CircleCI" /></a>
 <a href="https://discord.gg/G7Qnnhy" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-online-brightgreen.svg" alt="Discord"/></a>
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Please make sure to read the [Issue Reporting Checklist](https://github.com/nest

 ## Consulting

-With official support, you can get expert help straight from Nest core team. We provide dedicated technical support, migration strategies, advice on best practices (and design decisions), PR reviews, and team augmentation. Read more about [support here](https://enterprise.nestjs.com).
+With official support, you can get expert help straight from the Nest core team. We provide dedicated technical support, migration strategies, advice on best practices (and design decisions), PR reviews, and team augmentation. Read more about [support here](https://enterprise.nestjs.com).

 ## Support

@@ -62,9 +62,8 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 <td><a href="https://trilon.io" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/trilon.svg" width="200" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://microsoft.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/microsoft-logo.png" width="180" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://mojam.co" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/mojam-logo.png" width="80" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://marblism.com?utm_source=nest" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/marblism-logo.png" width="180" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://valor-software.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://docs.nestjs.com/assets/sponsors/valor-software.png" width="170" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://amplication.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/amplication-logo.svg" width="190" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+<td><a href="https://serpapi.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/serpapi-logo.png" width="150" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

@@ -80,10 +79,7 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><a href="https://snyk.co/nestjs" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/snyk-logo-black.png" width="185" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://fuseautotech.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/fuse-logo.svg" width="105" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://ridicorp.com/career/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/ridi-logo.svg" width="105" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://www.movavi.com/imovie-for-windows.html" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/movavi-logo.svg" width="105" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://skunk.team" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/skunk-logo.png" height="60" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

@@ -93,10 +89,12 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 <tr>
 <td><a href="https://www.mercedes-benz.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/mercedes-logo.png" width="100" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://www.dinii.jp/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/dinii-logo.png" width="65" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://bloodycase.com/?promocode=NEST" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/bloodycase-logo.png" width="65" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://handsontable.com/docs/react-data-grid/?utm_source=NestJS_GH&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=library_sponsorship_2024" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/handsontable-dark-logo.svg#2" width="150" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.itflashcards.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/it_flashcards-logo.png" width="170" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://arcjet.com/?ref=nestjs" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/arcjet-logo.svg" width="170" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://crawljobs.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/crawljobs-logo.svg" width="130" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+</tr><tr>
+<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://pandektes.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/pandektes-logo.png" width="65" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

@@ -120,19 +118,16 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://triplecore.io" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/triplecore-logo.svg" width="50" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://thecasinowizard.com/bonuses/no-deposit-bonuses/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/casinowizard-logo.png" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://polygon-software.ch/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/polygon-logo.svg" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://boringowl.io/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/boringowl-logo.svg" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://nordbot.app/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/nordbot-logo.png" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://doppio.sh/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/dopiosh-logo.png" width="50" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.hingehealth.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/hinge-health-logo.svg" width="100" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.tripoffice.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/tripoffice-logo.png" width="140" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://julienferand.dev/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/julienferand-logo.jpeg" width="55" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.tripoffice.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/tripoffice-logo.png" width="140" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://solcellsforetag.se/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/solcellsforetag-logo.svg" width="140" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.route4me.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/route4me-logo.svg" width="100" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.slotsup.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/slotsup-logo.png" width="60" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

--- a/benchmarks/all_output.txt
+++ b/benchmarks/all_output.txt
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-----------------------
-express
-----------------------
-Running 10s test @ http://localhost:3000
-1024 connections
-
-┌─────────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┬──────────┬──────────┬────────┐
-│ Stat    │ 2.5%  │ 50%   │ 97.5% │ 99%    │ Avg      │ Stdev    │ Max    │
-├─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼──────────┼──────────┼────────┤
-│ Latency │ 55 ms │ 58 ms │ 91 ms │ 138 ms │ 61.88 ms │ 23.95 ms │ 747 ms │
-└─────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────┘
-┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
-│ Stat      │ 1%      │ 2.5%    │ 50%     │ 97.5%   │ Avg      │ Stdev   │ Min     │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
-│ Req/Sec   │ 8407    │ 8407    │ 17407   │ 17743   │ 16454.41 │ 2716.94 │ 8402    │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
-│ Bytes/Sec │ 1.81 MB │ 1.81 MB │ 3.74 MB │ 3.81 MB │ 3.54 MB  │ 584 kB  │ 1.81 MB │
-└───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
-
-Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second.
-
-165k requests in 10.17s, 35.4 MB read
-----------------------
-nest (with "@nestjs/platform-express")
-----------------------
-Running 10s test @ http://localhost:3000
-1024 connections
-
-┌─────────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬──────────┬──────────┬────────┐
-│ Stat    │ 2.5%  │ 50%   │ 97.5% │ 99%   │ Avg      │ Stdev    │ Max    │
-├─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼──────────┼──────────┼────────┤
-│ Latency │ 61 ms │ 64 ms │ 71 ms │ 94 ms │ 65.44 ms │ 17.35 ms │ 325 ms │
-└─────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────┘
-┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┐
-│ Stat      │ 1%      │ 2.5%    │ 50%     │ 97.5%   │ Avg     │ Stdev  │ Min     │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┤
-│ Req/Sec   │ 14183   │ 14183   │ 15767   │ 15991   │ 15640   │ 501.13 │ 14182   │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┤
-│ Bytes/Sec │ 3.06 MB │ 3.06 MB │ 3.41 MB │ 3.45 MB │ 3.38 MB │ 108 kB │ 3.06 MB │
-└───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┘
-
-Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second.
-
-156k requests in 10.24s, 33.8 MB read
-----------------------
-fastify
-----------------------
-Running 10s test @ http://localhost:3000
-1024 connections
-
-┌─────────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬──────────┬──────────┬─────────┐
-│ Stat    │ 2.5%  │ 50%   │ 97.5% │ 99%   │ Avg      │ Stdev    │ Max     │
-├─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼──────────┼──────────┼─────────┤
-│ Latency │ 27 ms │ 30 ms │ 39 ms │ 78 ms │ 31.62 ms │ 26.59 ms │ 1232 ms │
-└─────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴──────────┴──────────┴─────────┘
-┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
-│ Stat      │ 1%      │ 2.5%    │ 50%     │ 97.5%   │ Avg     │ Stdev   │ Min     │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
-│ Req/Sec   │ 19935   │ 19935   │ 33247   │ 34111   │ 32030.4 │ 4103.84 │ 19931   │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
-│ Bytes/Sec │ 3.03 MB │ 3.03 MB │ 5.05 MB │ 5.19 MB │ 4.87 MB │ 624 kB  │ 3.03 MB │
-└───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
-
-Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second.
-
-320k requests in 10.18s, 48.7 MB read
-----------------------
-nest (with "@nestjs/platform-fastify")
-----------------------
-Running 10s test @ http://localhost:3000
-1024 connections
-
-┌─────────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬──────────┬──────────┬────────┐
-│ Stat    │ 2.5%  │ 50%   │ 97.5% │ 99%   │ Avg      │ Stdev    │ Max    │
-├─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼──────────┼──────────┼────────┤
-│ Latency │ 31 ms │ 33 ms │ 38 ms │ 52 ms │ 34.41 ms │ 11.73 ms │ 245 ms │
-└─────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────┘
-┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
-│ Stat      │ 1%      │ 2.5%    │ 50%    │ 97.5%   │ Avg     │ Stdev   │ Min     │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
-│ Req/Sec   │ 24911   │ 24911   │ 30031  │ 30335   │ 29470.4 │ 1564.48 │ 24907   │
-├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
-│ Bytes/Sec │ 3.81 MB │ 3.81 MB │ 4.6 MB │ 4.64 MB │ 4.51 MB │ 239 kB  │ 3.81 MB │
-└───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
-
-Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second.
-
-295k requests in 10.17s, 45.1 MB read
--- a/benchmarks/express.js
+++ b/benchmarks/express.js
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const express = require('express');
-const app = express();
-
-app.get('/', async (req, res) => res.send('Hello world'));
-app.listen(3000);
--- a/benchmarks/fastify.js
+++ b/benchmarks/fastify.js
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const fastify = require('fastify')();
-fastify.get('/', async (req, reply) => reply.send('Hello world'));
-fastify.listen({
-  port: 3000
-});
--- a/benchmarks/nest-fastify.js
+++ b/benchmarks/nest-fastify.js
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
-const core_1 = require('@nestjs/core');
-const fastify_platform_1 = require('@nestjs/platform-fastify');
-const app_module_1 = require('./nest/app.module');
-core_1.NestFactory.create(
-  app_module_1.AppModule,
-  new fastify_platform_1.FastifyAdapter(),
-  {
-    logger: false,
-    bodyParser: false,
-  },
-).then(app => app.listen(3000));
-//# sourceMappingURL=main.js.map
--- a/benchmarks/nest.js
+++ b/benchmarks/nest.js
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
-const core_1 = require('@nestjs/core');
-const app_module_1 = require('./nest/app.module');
-core_1.NestFactory.create(app_module_1.AppModule, {
-  logger: false,
-  bodyParser: false,
-}).then(app => app.listen(3000));
-//# sourceMappingURL=main.js.map
--- a/benchmarks/nest/app.controller.d.ts
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/app.controller.d.ts
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export declare class AppController {
-  root(): string;
-}
--- a/benchmarks/nest/app.controller.js
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/app.controller.js
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-var __decorate =
-  (this && this.__decorate) ||
-  function(decorators, target, key, desc) {
-    var c = arguments.length,
-      r =
-        c < 3
-          ? target
-          : desc === null
-          ? (desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key))
-          : desc,
-      d;
-    if (typeof Reflect === 'object' && typeof Reflect.decorate === 'function')
-      r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);
-    else
-      for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-        if ((d = decorators[i]))
-          r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;
-    return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;
-  };
-var __metadata =
-  (this && this.__metadata) ||
-  function(k, v) {
-    if (typeof Reflect === 'object' && typeof Reflect.metadata === 'function')
-      return Reflect.metadata(k, v);
-  };
-Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
-const common_1 = require('@nestjs/common');
-let AppController = class AppController {
-  root() {
-    return 'Hello world!';
-  }
-};
-__decorate(
-  [
-    common_1.Get(),
-    __metadata('design:type', Function),
-    __metadata('design:paramtypes', []),
-    __metadata('design:returntype', String),
-  ],
-  AppController.prototype,
-  'root',
-  null,
-);
-AppController = __decorate([common_1.Controller()], AppController);
-exports.AppController = AppController;
-//# sourceMappingURL=app.controller.js.map
--- a/benchmarks/nest/app.controller.js.map
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/app.controller.js.map
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"app.controller.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/app.controller.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;AAAA,2CAAiD;AAGjD,IAAa,aAAa,GAA1B,MAAa,aAAa;IAExB,IAAI;QACF,OAAO,cAAc,CAAA;IACvB,CAAC;CACF,CAAA;AAHC;IADC,YAAG,EAAE;;;;yCAGL;AAJU,aAAa;IADzB,mBAAU,EAAE;GACA,aAAa,CAKzB;AALY,sCAAa"}
--- a/benchmarks/nest/app.module.d.ts
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/app.module.d.ts
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export declare class AppModule {}
--- a/benchmarks/nest/app.module.js
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/app.module.js
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-"use strict";
-var __decorate = (this && this.__decorate) || function (decorators, target, key, desc) {
-    var c = arguments.length, r = c < 3 ? target : desc === null ? desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) : desc, d;
-    if (typeof Reflect === "object" && typeof Reflect.decorate === "function") r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);
-    else for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d = decorators[i]) r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;
-    return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;
-};
-Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-const common_1 = require("@nestjs/common");
-const app_controller_1 = require("./app.controller");
-let AppModule = class AppModule {
-};
-AppModule = __decorate([
-    common_1.Module({
-        imports: [],
-        controllers: [app_controller_1.AppController],
-    })
-], AppModule);
-exports.AppModule = AppModule;
-//# sourceMappingURL=app.module.js.map
--- a/benchmarks/nest/app.module.js.map
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/app.module.js.map
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"app.module.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/app.module.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAAA,2CAAwC;AACxC,qDAAiD;AAMjD,IAAa,SAAS,GAAtB,MAAa,SAAS;CAAG,CAAA;AAAZ,SAAS;IAJrB,eAAM,CAAC;QACN,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE;QACX,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC,8BAAa,CAAC;KAC7B,CAAC;GACW,SAAS,CAAG;AAAZ,8BAAS"}
--- a/benchmarks/nest/main.d.ts
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/main.d.ts
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export {};
--- a/benchmarks/nest/main.js.map
+++ b/benchmarks/nest/main.js.map
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"main.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/main.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;AAAA,uCAA2C;AAC3C,6CAAyC;AAEzC,KAAK,UAAU,SAAS;IACtB,MAAM,GAAG,GAAG,MAAM,kBAAW,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,sBAAS,CAAC,CAAC;IAChD,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;AACzB,CAAC;AACD,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC"}
--- a/eslint.config.mjs
+++ b/eslint.config.mjs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ export default tseslint.config(
      ecmaVersion: 5,
      sourceType: 'module',
      parserOptions: {
-        project: ['tsconfig.json', 'tsconfig.spec.json'],
        projectService: true,
        tsconfigRootDir: import.meta.dirname,
      },
@@ -38,18 +37,19 @@ export default tseslint.config(
      '@typescript-eslint/no-unused-expressions': 'off',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-require-imports': 'off',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars': 'off',
-      "@typescript-eslint/no-misused-promises": [
-        "error",
+      '@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-asserted-optional-chain': 'warn',
+      '@typescript-eslint/no-misused-promises': [
+        'error',
        {
-          "checksVoidReturn": false,
-          "checksConditionals": false
-        }
+          checksVoidReturn: false,
+          checksConditionals: false,
+        },
      ],
-      "@typescript-eslint/require-await": "off",
+      '@typescript-eslint/require-await': 'off',
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors': 'off',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string': 'off',
      '@typescript-eslint/unbound-method': 'off',
      '@typescript-eslint/only-throw-error': 'off',
    },
  },
-);
+);
--- a/integration/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/integration/docker-compose.yml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ services:
      - "9001:9001"
    restart: always
  mysql:
-    image: mysql:9.2.0
+    image: mysql:9.6.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_HOST: '%'
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ services:
  zookeeper:
    container_name: test-zookeeper
    hostname: zookeeper
-    image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:7.9.0
+    image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:7.9.5
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
    environment:
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ services:
  kafka:
    container_name: test-kafka
    hostname: kafka
-    image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.9.0
+    image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:8.1.1
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper
    ports:
--- a/integration/hello-world/e2e/fastify-middleware-before-init.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/hello-world/e2e/fastify-middleware-before-init.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import {
+  Controller,
+  Get,
+  Injectable,
+  MiddlewareConsumer,
+  Module,
+  NestModule,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  FastifyAdapter,
+  NestFastifyApplication,
+} from '@nestjs/platform-fastify';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+
+describe('Middleware before init (FastifyAdapter)', () => {
+  let app: NestFastifyApplication;
+
+  @Injectable()
+  class TestService {
+    getData(): string {
+      return 'test_data';
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Controller()
+  class TestController {
+    constructor(private readonly testService: TestService) {}
+
+    @Get('test')
+    test() {
+      return { data: this.testService.getData() };
+    }
+
+    @Get('health')
+    health() {
+      return { status: 'ok' };
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Module({
+    controllers: [TestController],
+    providers: [TestService],
+  })
+  class TestModule implements NestModule {
+    configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {
+      consumer
+        .apply((req, res, next) => {
+          res.setHeader('x-middleware', 'applied');
+          next();
+        })
+        .forRoutes('*');
+    }
+  }
+
+  describe('should queue middleware when registered before init', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [TestModule],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = module.createNestApplication<NestFastifyApplication>(
+        new FastifyAdapter(),
+      );
+
+      // Register middleware before init - should be queued
+      app.use((req, res, next) => {
+        res.setHeader('x-global-middleware', 'applied');
+        next();
+      });
+
+      // Now init the app - queued middleware should be registered
+      await app.init();
+      await app.getHttpAdapter().getInstance().ready();
+    });
+
+    it('should apply queued middleware after init', () => {
+      return app
+        .inject({
+          method: 'GET',
+          url: '/test',
+        })
+        .then(({ statusCode, payload, headers }) => {
+          expect(statusCode).to.equal(200);
+          expect(JSON.parse(payload)).to.deep.equal({ data: 'test_data' });
+          // Verify both module-level and global middleware were applied
+          expect(headers['x-middleware']).to.equal('applied');
+          expect(headers['x-global-middleware']).to.equal('applied');
+        });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      await app.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('should work when app is initialized before middleware registration', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [TestModule],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = module.createNestApplication<NestFastifyApplication>(
+        new FastifyAdapter(),
+      );
+
+      // Initialize app first
+      await app.init();
+
+      // Now middleware registration should work
+      app.use((req, res, next) => {
+        res.setHeader('x-global-middleware', 'applied');
+        next();
+      });
+
+      await app.getHttpAdapter().getInstance().ready();
+    });
+
+    it('should register middleware successfully after init', () => {
+      return app
+        .inject({
+          method: 'GET',
+          url: '/test',
+        })
+        .then(({ statusCode, payload }) => {
+          expect(statusCode).to.equal(200);
+          expect(JSON.parse(payload)).to.deep.equal({ data: 'test_data' });
+        });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      await app.close();
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/hello-world/e2e/force-console.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/hello-world/e2e/force-console.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { ConsoleLogger, INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import * as request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+import * as sinon from 'sinon';
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+
+describe('ForceConsole Option', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+
+  describe('When forceConsole is true', () => {
+    let consoleLogSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+    let consoleErrorSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+    let processStdoutSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+    let processStderrSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // Spy on console and process methods
+      consoleLogSpy = sinon.spy(console, 'log');
+      consoleErrorSpy = sinon.spy(console, 'error');
+      processStdoutSpy = sinon.spy(process.stdout, 'write');
+      processStderrSpy = sinon.spy(process.stderr, 'write');
+
+      const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [AppModule],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = moduleRef.createNestApplication({
+        forceConsole: true,
+        logger: ['log', 'error'],
+      });
+
+      await app.init();
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      consoleLogSpy.restore();
+      consoleErrorSpy.restore();
+      processStdoutSpy.restore();
+      processStderrSpy.restore();
+      await app.close();
+    });
+
+    it('should use console.log instead of process.stdout.write', async () => {
+      const logger = new ConsoleLogger('TestContext', { forceConsole: true });
+      logger.log('Test log message');
+
+      // Should use console.log when forceConsole is true
+      expect(consoleLogSpy.called).to.be.true;
+      // Verify console.log was called with the message
+      const consoleLogCalls = consoleLogSpy
+        .getCalls()
+        .filter(call =>
+          call.args.some(arg => String(arg).includes('Test log message')),
+        );
+      expect(consoleLogCalls.length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should use console.error instead of process.stderr.write', async () => {
+      const logger = new ConsoleLogger('TestContext', { forceConsole: true });
+      logger.error('Test error message');
+
+      // Should use console.error when forceConsole is true
+      expect(consoleErrorSpy.called).to.be.true;
+      // Verify console.error was called with the message
+      const consoleErrorCalls = consoleErrorSpy
+        .getCalls()
+        .filter(call =>
+          call.args.some(arg => String(arg).includes('Test error message')),
+        );
+      expect(consoleErrorCalls.length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle GET request with forceConsole option enabled', () => {
+      return request(app.getHttpServer()).get('/hello').expect(200);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('When forceConsole is false (default)', () => {
+    let consoleLogSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+    let consoleErrorSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+    let processStdoutSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+    let processStderrSpy: sinon.SinonSpy;
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // Spy on console and process methods
+      consoleLogSpy = sinon.spy(console, 'log');
+      consoleErrorSpy = sinon.spy(console, 'error');
+      processStdoutSpy = sinon.spy(process.stdout, 'write');
+      processStderrSpy = sinon.spy(process.stderr, 'write');
+
+      const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [AppModule],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = moduleRef.createNestApplication({
+        logger: ['log', 'error'],
+        // forceConsole is not set, defaults to false
+      });
+
+      await app.init();
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      consoleLogSpy.restore();
+      consoleErrorSpy.restore();
+      processStdoutSpy.restore();
+      processStderrSpy.restore();
+      await app.close();
+    });
+
+    it('should not directly call console.log when forceConsole is false', async () => {
+      const logger = new ConsoleLogger('TestContext');
+
+      // Reset spy to ensure clean state
+      consoleLogSpy.resetHistory();
+
+      logger.log('Test log message');
+
+      // When forceConsole is false, should not call console.log
+      expect(consoleLogSpy.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+    it('should not directly call console.error when forceConsole is false', async () => {
+      const logger = new ConsoleLogger('TestContext');
+
+      // Reset spy to ensure clean state
+      consoleErrorSpy.resetHistory();
+
+      logger.error('Test error message');
+
+      // When forceConsole is false, should not call console.error
+      expect(consoleErrorSpy.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('When forceConsole is set via NestFactory.create', () => {
+    it('should apply forceConsole to the default logger', async () => {
+      const consoleLogSpy = sinon.spy(console, 'log');
+      const processStdoutSpy = sinon.spy(process.stdout, 'write');
+
+      const moduleRef = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [AppModule],
+      }).compile();
+
+      const testApp = moduleRef.createNestApplication({
+        forceConsole: true,
+      });
+
+      await testApp.init();
+
+      // The logger created by NestFactory should respect forceConsole option
+      const logger = new ConsoleLogger('AppContext', { forceConsole: true });
+      logger.log('Application started');
+
+      expect(consoleLogSpy.called).to.be.true;
+
+      consoleLogSpy.restore();
+      processStdoutSpy.restore();
+      await testApp.close();
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-fastify.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/hello-world/e2e/middleware-fastify.spec.ts
@@ -208,6 +208,15 @@ describe('Middleware (FastifyAdapter)', () => {
        .then(({ payload }) => expect(payload).to.be.eql(INCLUDED_VALUE));
    });

+    it(`GET forRoutes(POST /tests/%69ncluded) - ensure middleware is executed correctly with encoded characters`, () => {
+      return app
+        .inject({
+          method: 'POST',
+          url: '/tests/%69ncluded', // 'i' character is encoded
+        })
+        .then(({ payload }) => expect(payload).to.be.eql(INCLUDED_VALUE));
+    });
+
    afterEach(async () => {
      await app.close();
    });
@@ -603,4 +612,158 @@ describe('Middleware (FastifyAdapter)', () => {
      await app.close();
    });
  });
+
+  describe('should respect fastify routing options', () => {
+    const MIDDLEWARE_RETURN_VALUE = 'middleware_return';
+
+    @Controller()
+    class TestController {
+      @Get('abc/def')
+      included() {
+        return 'whatnot';
+      }
+    }
+    @Module({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+      controllers: [TestController],
+    })
+    class TestModule {
+      configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {
+        consumer
+          .apply((req, res, next) => res.end(MIDDLEWARE_RETURN_VALUE))
+          .forRoutes({ path: 'abc/def', method: RequestMethod.GET });
+      }
+    }
+
+    describe('[ignoreTrailingSlash] attribute', () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        app = (
+          await Test.createTestingModule({
+            imports: [TestModule],
+          }).compile()
+        ).createNestApplication<NestFastifyApplication>(
+          new FastifyAdapter({
+            ignoreTrailingSlash: true,
+            // routerOptions: {
+            //   ignoreTrailingSlash: true,
+            // },
+          }),
+        );
+
+        await app.init();
+      });
+
+      it(`GET forRoutes(GET /abc/def/)`, () => {
+        return app
+          .inject({
+            method: 'GET',
+            url: '/abc/def/', // trailing slash
+          })
+          .then(({ payload }) =>
+            expect(payload).to.be.eql(MIDDLEWARE_RETURN_VALUE),
+          );
+      });
+
+      afterEach(async () => {
+        await app.close();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('[ignoreDuplicateSlashes] attribute', () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        app = (
+          await Test.createTestingModule({
+            imports: [TestModule],
+          }).compile()
+        ).createNestApplication<NestFastifyApplication>(
+          new FastifyAdapter({
+            routerOptions: {
+              ignoreDuplicateSlashes: true,
+            },
+          }),
+        );
+
+        await app.init();
+      });
+
+      it(`GET forRoutes(GET /abc//def)`, () => {
+        return app
+          .inject({
+            method: 'GET',
+            url: '/abc//def', // duplicate slashes
+          })
+          .then(({ payload }) =>
+            expect(payload).to.be.eql(MIDDLEWARE_RETURN_VALUE),
+          );
+      });
+
+      afterEach(async () => {
+        await app.close();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('[caseSensitive] attribute', () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        app = (
+          await Test.createTestingModule({
+            imports: [TestModule],
+          }).compile()
+        ).createNestApplication<NestFastifyApplication>(
+          new FastifyAdapter({
+            routerOptions: {
+              caseSensitive: true,
+            },
+          }),
+        );
+
+        await app.init();
+      });
+
+      it(`GET forRoutes(GET /ABC/DEF)`, () => {
+        return app
+          .inject({
+            method: 'GET',
+            url: '/ABC/DEF', // different case
+          })
+          .then(({ payload }) =>
+            expect(payload).to.be.eql(MIDDLEWARE_RETURN_VALUE),
+          );
+      });
+
+      afterEach(async () => {
+        await app.close();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('[useSemicolonDelimiter] attribute', () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        app = (
+          await Test.createTestingModule({
+            imports: [TestModule],
+          }).compile()
+        ).createNestApplication<NestFastifyApplication>(
+          new FastifyAdapter({
+            routerOptions: { useSemicolonDelimiter: true } as any,
+          }),
+        );
+
+        await app.init();
+      });
+
+      it(`GET forRoutes(GET /abc/def;foo=bar)`, () => {
+        return app
+          .inject({
+            method: 'GET',
+            url: '/abc/def;foo=bar', // semicolon delimiter
+          })
+          .then(({ payload }) =>
+            expect(payload).to.be.eql(MIDDLEWARE_RETURN_VALUE),
+          );
+      });
+
+      afterEach(async () => {
+        await app.close();
+      });
+    });
+  });
 });
--- a/integration/hooks/e2e/enable-shutdown-hook.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/hooks/e2e/enable-shutdown-hook.spec.ts
@@ -51,4 +51,21 @@ describe('enableShutdownHooks', () => {
    expect(result.stdout.toString().trim()).to.be.eq('');
    done();
  }).timeout(10000);
+
+  it('should call the correct hooks with useProcessExit option', done => {
+    const result = spawnSync('ts-node', [
+      join(__dirname, '../src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts'),
+      'SIGHUP',
+      'SIGHUP',
+      'graceful',
+    ]);
+    const calls = result.stdout
+      .toString()
+      .split('\n')
+      .map((call: string) => call.trim());
+    expect(calls[0]).to.equal('beforeApplicationShutdown SIGHUP');
+    expect(calls[1]).to.equal('onApplicationShutdown SIGHUP');
+    expect(result.status).to.equal(0);
+    done();
+  }).timeout(10000);
 });
--- a/integration/hooks/src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts
+++ b/integration/hooks/src/enable-shutdown-hooks-main.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
 const SIGNAL = process.argv[2];
 const SIGNAL_TO_LISTEN = process.argv[3];
+const USE_GRACEFUL_EXIT = process.argv[4] === 'graceful';

@Injectable()
 class TestInjectable
@@ -29,10 +30,12 @@ class AppModule {}
 async function bootstrap() {
  const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { logger: false });

+  const shutdownOptions = USE_GRACEFUL_EXIT ? { useProcessExit: true } : {};
+
  if (SIGNAL_TO_LISTEN && SIGNAL_TO_LISTEN !== 'NONE') {
-    app.enableShutdownHooks([SIGNAL_TO_LISTEN]);
+    app.enableShutdownHooks([SIGNAL_TO_LISTEN], shutdownOptions);
  } else if (SIGNAL_TO_LISTEN !== 'NONE') {
-    app.enableShutdownHooks();
+    app.enableShutdownHooks([], shutdownOptions);
  }

  await app.listen(1800);
--- a/integration/injector/e2e/many-global-modules.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/injector/e2e/many-global-modules.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import * as sinon from 'sinon';
+import { Global, Inject, Injectable, Module, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule1 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule2 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule3 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule4 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule5 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule6 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule7 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule8 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule9 {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({})
+export class GlobalModule10 {}
+
+@Injectable()
+class TransientProvider {}
+
+@Injectable()
+class RequestProvider {}
+
+@Injectable()
+class ForeignTransientProvider {}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class Dependant {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly transientProvider: TransientProvider,
+
+    private readonly foreignTransientProvider: ForeignTransientProvider,
+
+    @Inject(RequestProvider)
+    private readonly requestProvider: RequestProvider,
+  ) {}
+
+  public checkDependencies() {
+    expect(this.transientProvider).to.be.instanceOf(TransientProvider);
+    expect(this.foreignTransientProvider).to.be.instanceOf(
+      ForeignTransientProvider,
+    );
+    expect(this.requestProvider).to.be.instanceOf(RequestProvider);
+  }
+}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({
+  providers: [
+    {
+      provide: ForeignTransientProvider,
+      scope: Scope.TRANSIENT,
+      useClass: ForeignTransientProvider,
+    },
+  ],
+  exports: [ForeignTransientProvider],
+})
+export class ModuleWithForeignTransientProvider {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({
+  providers: [
+    {
+      provide: TransientProvider,
+      scope: Scope.TRANSIENT,
+      useClass: TransientProvider,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: Dependant,
+      scope: Scope.DEFAULT,
+      useClass: Dependant,
+    },
+  ],
+})
+export class GlobalModuleWithTransientProviderAndDependant {}
+
+@Global()
+@Module({
+  providers: [
+    {
+      provide: RequestProvider,
+      scope: Scope.REQUEST,
+      useFactory: () => {
+        return new RequestProvider();
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+  exports: [RequestProvider],
+})
+export class GlobalModuleWithRequestProvider {}
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    /*
+     * ForeginTransientProvider will be resolved quickly because its host module is imported first.
+     * IMPORTANT: Do not move this module, otherwise we may not catch future regressions.
+     */
+    ModuleWithForeignTransientProvider,
+
+    GlobalModule1,
+    GlobalModule2,
+    GlobalModule3,
+    GlobalModule4,
+    GlobalModule5,
+    GlobalModule6,
+    GlobalModule7,
+    GlobalModule8,
+    GlobalModule9,
+    GlobalModule10,
+    GlobalModuleWithTransientProviderAndDependant,
+    GlobalModuleWithRequestProvider,
+  ],
+})
+export class AppModule {}
+
+describe('Many global modules', () => {
+  it('should inject request-scoped and transient-scoped providers from different modules', async () => {
+    const moduleBuilder = Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    });
+    const moduleRef = await moduleBuilder.compile();
+
+    const dependant = await moduleRef.resolve(Dependant);
+    const checkDependenciesSpy = sinon.spy(dependant, 'checkDependencies');
+    dependant.checkDependencies();
+
+    expect(checkDependenciesSpy.called).to.be.true;
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/injector/e2e/multiple-providers.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/injector/e2e/multiple-providers.spec.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ describe('Multiple providers under the same token ("each" feature)', () => {
    });
  });
  describe('resolve()', () => {
-    it('should return an array of providers', async () => {
+    it('should return an array of request-scoped providers', async () => {
      const builder = Test.createTestingModule({
        imports: [MultipleProvidersModule],
      });
@@ -43,5 +43,25 @@ describe('Multiple providers under the same token ("each" feature)', () => {

      expect(multiProviderInstances).to.be.eql(['A', 'B', 'C']);
    });
+
+    it('should return an array of default-scoped providers', async () => {
+      const builder = Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [MultipleProvidersModule],
+      });
+      const testingModule = await builder.compile();
+
+      const multiProviderInstances = await testingModule.resolve<string>(
+        'MULTI_PROVIDER',
+        undefined,
+        {
+          each: true,
+        },
+      );
+
+      // @ts-expect-error: make sure "multiProviderInstances" is string[] not string
+      multiProviderInstances.charAt;
+
+      expect(multiProviderInstances).to.be.eql(['A', 'B', 'C']);
+    });
  });
 });
--- a/integration/injector/e2e/optional-factory-provider-dep.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/injector/e2e/optional-factory-provider-dep.spec.ts
@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ Potential solutions:
  @Module({
    imports: [ /* the Module containing "MISSING_DEP" */ ]
  })
-`);
+
+For more common dependency resolution issues, see: https://docs.nestjs.com/faq/common-errors`);
      }
    });
  });
--- a/integration/injector/e2e/request-scope-bubbling.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/injector/e2e/request-scope-bubbling.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Injectable, Scope, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { ContextIdFactory, REQUEST } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+
+describe('Request Scope Bubbling', () => {
+  // 1. Define the "Poison" (Request Scoped Service)
+  @Injectable({ scope: Scope.REQUEST })
+  class ChildService {
+    // A random ID to verify uniqueness
+    public readonly id = Math.random();
+  }
+
+  // 2. Define the "Victim" (Singleton that depends on Request Scoped)
+  @Injectable()
+  class ParentService {
+    constructor(public readonly child: ChildService) {}
+  }
+
+  @Module({
+    providers: [ChildService, ParentService],
+  })
+  class TestModule {}
+
+  it('should downgrade a Singleton to Request-Scoped if it depends on a Request-Scoped provider', async () => {
+    // 3. Bootstrap the Module (using Test.createTestingModule instead of NestFactory)
+    const moduleRef: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [TestModule],
+    }).compile();
+
+    // 4. Simulate Request 1
+    const contextId1 = ContextIdFactory.create();
+    const parent1 = await moduleRef.resolve(ParentService, contextId1);
+
+    // 5. Simulate Request 2
+    const contextId2 = ContextIdFactory.create();
+    const parent2 = await moduleRef.resolve(ParentService, contextId2);
+
+    // 6. Assertions (The "Moment of Truth")
+
+    // The Child IDs should be different (Proof of Request Scope)
+    expect(parent1.child.id).to.not.equal(parent2.child.id);
+
+    // The Parent instances should ALSO be different (Proof of Bubbling)
+    // If Parent was a true Singleton, these would be equal.
+    expect(parent1).to.not.equal(parent2);
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/inspector/e2e/fixtures/post-init-graph.json
+++ b/integration/inspector/e2e/fixtures/post-init-graph.json
@@ -2197,22 +2197,6 @@
      },
      "id": "1976848738"
    },
-    "-2105726668": {
-      "source": "-1803759743",
-      "target": "1010833816",
-      "metadata": {
-        "type": "class-to-class",
-        "sourceModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
-        "sourceClassName": "PropertiesService",
-        "targetClassName": "token",
-        "sourceClassToken": "PropertiesService",
-        "targetClassToken": "token",
-        "targetModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
-        "keyOrIndex": "token",
-        "injectionType": "property"
-      },
-      "id": "-2105726668"
-    },
    "-21463590": {
      "source": "-1378706112",
      "target": "1004276345",
@@ -2229,6 +2213,22 @@
      },
      "id": "-21463590"
    },
+    "-2105726668": {
+      "source": "-1803759743",
+      "target": "1010833816",
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "class-to-class",
+        "sourceModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
+        "sourceClassName": "PropertiesService",
+        "targetClassName": "token",
+        "sourceClassToken": "PropertiesService",
+        "targetClassToken": "token",
+        "targetModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
+        "keyOrIndex": "token",
+        "injectionType": "property"
+      },
+      "id": "-2105726668"
+    },
    "-1657371464": {
      "source": "-1673986099",
      "target": "1919157847",
@@ -2263,6 +2263,22 @@
      },
      "id": "-1303681274"
    },
+    "-831049991": {
+      "source": "594986539",
+      "target": "-1721730431",
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "class-to-class",
+        "sourceModuleName": "InputModule",
+        "sourceClassName": "InputService",
+        "targetClassName": "CircularService",
+        "sourceClassToken": "InputService",
+        "targetClassToken": "CircularService",
+        "targetModuleName": "CircularModule",
+        "keyOrIndex": 0,
+        "injectionType": "constructor"
+      },
+      "id": "-831049991"
+    },
    "-886102564": {
      "source": "208171089",
      "target": "671882984",
@@ -2280,6 +2296,22 @@
      },
      "id": "-886102564"
    },
+    "-2146943494": {
+      "source": "-234035039",
+      "target": "928565345",
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "class-to-class",
+        "sourceModuleName": "RequestChainModule",
+        "sourceClassName": "RequestChainService",
+        "targetClassName": "HelperService",
+        "sourceClassToken": "RequestChainService",
+        "targetClassToken": "HelperService",
+        "targetModuleName": "HelperModule",
+        "keyOrIndex": 0,
+        "injectionType": "constructor"
+      },
+      "id": "-2146943494"
+    },
    "-2003045613": {
      "source": "-377928898",
      "target": "-616397055",
@@ -2312,38 +2344,6 @@
      },
      "id": "-881420795"
    },
-    "-831049991": {
-      "source": "594986539",
-      "target": "-1721730431",
-      "metadata": {
-        "type": "class-to-class",
-        "sourceModuleName": "InputModule",
-        "sourceClassName": "InputService",
-        "targetClassName": "CircularService",
-        "sourceClassToken": "InputService",
-        "targetClassToken": "CircularService",
-        "targetModuleName": "CircularModule",
-        "keyOrIndex": 0,
-        "injectionType": "constructor"
-      },
-      "id": "-831049991"
-    },
-    "-2146943494": {
-      "source": "-234035039",
-      "target": "928565345",
-      "metadata": {
-        "type": "class-to-class",
-        "sourceModuleName": "RequestChainModule",
-        "sourceClassName": "RequestChainService",
-        "targetClassName": "HelperService",
-        "sourceClassToken": "RequestChainService",
-        "targetClassToken": "HelperService",
-        "targetModuleName": "HelperModule",
-        "keyOrIndex": 0,
-        "injectionType": "constructor"
-      },
-      "id": "-2146943494"
-    },
    "-1816180282": {
      "source": "-848516688",
      "target": "-1673986099",
--- a/integration/inspector/e2e/fixtures/pre-init-graph.json
+++ b/integration/inspector/e2e/fixtures/pre-init-graph.json
@@ -2181,22 +2181,6 @@
      },
      "id": "1976848738"
    },
-    "-2105726668": {
-      "source": "-1803759743",
-      "target": "1010833816",
-      "metadata": {
-        "type": "class-to-class",
-        "sourceModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
-        "sourceClassName": "PropertiesService",
-        "targetClassName": "token",
-        "sourceClassToken": "PropertiesService",
-        "targetClassToken": "token",
-        "targetModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
-        "keyOrIndex": "token",
-        "injectionType": "property"
-      },
-      "id": "-2105726668"
-    },
    "-21463590": {
      "source": "-1378706112",
      "target": "1004276345",
@@ -2213,6 +2197,22 @@
      },
      "id": "-21463590"
    },
+    "-2105726668": {
+      "source": "-1803759743",
+      "target": "1010833816",
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "class-to-class",
+        "sourceModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
+        "sourceClassName": "PropertiesService",
+        "targetClassName": "token",
+        "sourceClassToken": "PropertiesService",
+        "targetClassToken": "token",
+        "targetModuleName": "PropertiesModule",
+        "keyOrIndex": "token",
+        "injectionType": "property"
+      },
+      "id": "-2105726668"
+    },
    "-1657371464": {
      "source": "-1673986099",
      "target": "1919157847",
@@ -2247,6 +2247,22 @@
      },
      "id": "-1303681274"
    },
+    "-831049991": {
+      "source": "594986539",
+      "target": "-1721730431",
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "class-to-class",
+        "sourceModuleName": "InputModule",
+        "sourceClassName": "InputService",
+        "targetClassName": "CircularService",
+        "sourceClassToken": "InputService",
+        "targetClassToken": "CircularService",
+        "targetModuleName": "CircularModule",
+        "keyOrIndex": 0,
+        "injectionType": "constructor"
+      },
+      "id": "-831049991"
+    },
    "-886102564": {
      "source": "208171089",
      "target": "671882984",
@@ -2264,6 +2280,22 @@
      },
      "id": "-886102564"
    },
+    "-2146943494": {
+      "source": "-234035039",
+      "target": "928565345",
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "class-to-class",
+        "sourceModuleName": "RequestChainModule",
+        "sourceClassName": "RequestChainService",
+        "targetClassName": "HelperService",
+        "sourceClassToken": "RequestChainService",
+        "targetClassToken": "HelperService",
+        "targetModuleName": "HelperModule",
+        "keyOrIndex": 0,
+        "injectionType": "constructor"
+      },
+      "id": "-2146943494"
+    },
    "-2003045613": {
      "source": "-377928898",
      "target": "-616397055",
@@ -2296,38 +2328,6 @@
      },
      "id": "-881420795"
    },
-    "-831049991": {
-      "source": "594986539",
-      "target": "-1721730431",
-      "metadata": {
-        "type": "class-to-class",
-        "sourceModuleName": "InputModule",
-        "sourceClassName": "InputService",
-        "targetClassName": "CircularService",
-        "sourceClassToken": "InputService",
-        "targetClassToken": "CircularService",
-        "targetModuleName": "CircularModule",
-        "keyOrIndex": 0,
-        "injectionType": "constructor"
-      },
-      "id": "-831049991"
-    },
-    "-2146943494": {
-      "source": "-234035039",
-      "target": "928565345",
-      "metadata": {
-        "type": "class-to-class",
-        "sourceModuleName": "RequestChainModule",
-        "sourceClassName": "RequestChainService",
-        "targetClassName": "HelperService",
-        "sourceClassToken": "RequestChainService",
-        "targetClassToken": "HelperService",
-        "targetModuleName": "HelperModule",
-        "keyOrIndex": 0,
-        "injectionType": "constructor"
-      },
-      "id": "-2146943494"
-    },
    "-1816180282": {
      "source": "-848516688",
      "target": "-1673986099",
--- a/integration/inspector/src/core/interceptors/transform.interceptor.ts
+++ b/integration/inspector/src/core/interceptors/transform.interceptor.ts
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ export interface Response<T> {
 }

@Injectable()
-export class TransformInterceptor<T>
-  implements NestInterceptor<T, Response<T>>
-{
+export class TransformInterceptor<T> implements NestInterceptor<
+  T,
+  Response<T>
+> {
  intercept(
    context: ExecutionContext,
    next: CallHandler<T>,
--- a/integration/microservices/e2e/fanout-exchange-rmq.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/microservices/e2e/fanout-exchange-rmq.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { INestApplication, INestMicroservice } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { MicroserviceOptions, Transport } from '@nestjs/microservices';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import * as request from 'supertest';
+import { RMQFanoutExchangeProducerController } from '../src/rmq/fanout-exchange-producer-rmq.controller';
+import { RMQFanoutExchangeConsumerController } from '../src/rmq/fanout-exchange-consumer-rmq.controller';
+
+describe('RabbitMQ transport (Fanout Exchange)', () => {
+  let server: any;
+  let appProducer: INestApplication;
+  let appConsumer: INestMicroservice;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    const producerModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      controllers: [RMQFanoutExchangeProducerController],
+    }).compile();
+    const consumerModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      controllers: [RMQFanoutExchangeConsumerController],
+    }).compile();
+
+    appProducer = producerModule.createNestApplication();
+    server = appProducer.getHttpAdapter().getInstance();
+
+    appConsumer = consumerModule.createNestMicroservice<MicroserviceOptions>({
+      transport: Transport.RMQ,
+      options: {
+        urls: [`amqp://0.0.0.0:5672`],
+        queue: '',
+        exchange: 'test.fanout',
+        exchangeType: 'fanout',
+        queueOptions: {
+          exclusive: true,
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    await Promise.all([appProducer.init(), appConsumer.listen()]);
+  });
+
+  it(`should send message to fanout exchange`, async () => {
+    await request(server).get('/fanout-exchange').expect(200, 'ping/pong');
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await Promise.all([appProducer.close(), appConsumer.close()]);
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/microservices/e2e/topic-exchange-rmq.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/microservices/e2e/topic-exchange-rmq.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { MicroserviceOptions, Transport } from '@nestjs/microservices';
+import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import * as request from 'supertest';
+import { RMQTopicExchangeController } from '../src/rmq/topic-exchange-rmq.controller';
+
+describe('RabbitMQ transport (Topic Exchange - wildcards)', () => {
+  let server: any;
+  let app: INestApplication;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      controllers: [RMQTopicExchangeController],
+    }).compile();
+
+    app = module.createNestApplication();
+    server = app.getHttpAdapter().getInstance();
+
+    app.connectMicroservice<MicroserviceOptions>({
+      transport: Transport.RMQ,
+      options: {
+        urls: [`amqp://0.0.0.0:5672`],
+        queue: 'test2',
+        wildcards: true,
+      },
+    });
+    await app.startAllMicroservices();
+    await app.init();
+  });
+
+  it(`should send message to wildcard topic exchange`, () => {
+    return request(server).get('/topic-exchange').expect(200, 'wildcard.a.b');
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/microservices/src/rmq/fanout-exchange-consumer-rmq.controller.ts
+++ b/integration/microservices/src/rmq/fanout-exchange-consumer-rmq.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { Controller } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Ctx, MessagePattern, RmqContext } from '@nestjs/microservices';
+
+@Controller()
+export class RMQFanoutExchangeConsumerController {
+  constructor() {}
+
+  @MessagePattern('ping')
+  handleTopicExchange(@Ctx() ctx: RmqContext): string {
+    return ctx.getPattern() + '/pong';
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/microservices/src/rmq/fanout-exchange-producer-rmq.controller.ts
+++ b/integration/microservices/src/rmq/fanout-exchange-producer-rmq.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ClientProxy,
+  ClientProxyFactory,
+  Transport,
+} from '@nestjs/microservices';
+import { lastValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
+
+@Controller()
+export class RMQFanoutExchangeProducerController {
+  client: ClientProxy;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.client = ClientProxyFactory.create({
+      transport: Transport.RMQ,
+      options: {
+        urls: [`amqp://localhost:5672`],
+        exchange: 'test.fanout',
+        exchangeType: 'fanout',
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Get('fanout-exchange')
+  async topicExchange() {
+    return lastValueFrom(this.client.send<string>('ping', 1));
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/microservices/src/rmq/topic-exchange-rmq.controller.ts
+++ b/integration/microservices/src/rmq/topic-exchange-rmq.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ClientProxy,
+  ClientProxyFactory,
+  Ctx,
+  MessagePattern,
+  RmqContext,
+  Transport,
+} from '@nestjs/microservices';
+import { lastValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
+
+@Controller()
+export class RMQTopicExchangeController {
+  client: ClientProxy;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.client = ClientProxyFactory.create({
+      transport: Transport.RMQ,
+      options: {
+        urls: [`amqp://localhost:5672`],
+        queue: 'test2',
+        wildcards: true,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Get('topic-exchange')
+  async topicExchange() {
+    return lastValueFrom(this.client.send<string>('wildcard.a.b', 1));
+  }
+
+  @MessagePattern('wildcard.*.*')
+  handleTopicExchange(@Ctx() ctx: RmqContext): string {
+    return ctx.getPattern();
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/repl/e2e/repl-process.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/repl/e2e/repl-process.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import { spawn } from 'child_process';
+
+const PROMPT = '> ';
+
+describe('REPL process', function () {
+  let replProcess: ReturnType<typeof spawn>;
+
+  function waitForReplToStart(
+    process: ReturnType<typeof spawn>,
+    message,
+    timeout = 10000,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        reject(new Error('REPL did not start in time'));
+      }, timeout);
+
+      if (!process.stdout || !process.stderr) {
+        return reject(new Error('REPL stdout or stderr is not available'));
+      }
+      process.stdout.on('data', data => {
+        if (data.toString().includes(message)) {
+          clearTimeout(timer);
+          resolve();
+        }
+      });
+
+      process.stderr.on('data', data => {
+        if (data.toString().includes(message)) {
+          clearTimeout(timer);
+          reject(new Error(`REPL started with error: ${data}`));
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(async function () {
+    this.timeout(15000);
+    replProcess = spawn('ts-node', ['../src/repl.ts'], { cwd: __dirname });
+    await waitForReplToStart(replProcess, PROMPT);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(function () {
+    if (replProcess) {
+      replProcess.kill(9);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('exits on .exit', async function () {
+    this.timeout(1000);
+
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      replProcess.on('exit', _ => {
+        expect(replProcess.exitCode).to.equal(0);
+        resolve();
+      });
+
+      replProcess.on('error', err => {
+        reject(err);
+      });
+
+      if (replProcess.stdin) {
+        replProcess.stdin.write('.exit\n');
+      } else {
+        reject(new Error('REPL stdin is not available'));
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/integration/repl/src/database/database.connection.ts
+++ b/integration/repl/src/database/database.connection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Injectable, OnModuleDestroy, OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class DatabaseConnection implements OnModuleDestroy {
+  keepAlive = true;
+
+  static connect(): DatabaseConnection {
+    const connection = new DatabaseConnection();
+    connection.maintainConnection();
+    return connection;
+  }
+
+  onModuleDestroy() {
+    this.keepAlive = false;
+  }
+
+  maintainConnection() {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      if (this.keepAlive) {
+        this.maintainConnection();
+      }
+    }, 10);
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/repl/src/database/database.module.ts
+++ b/integration/repl/src/database/database.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { DynamicModule, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { DatabaseConnection } from './database.connection';
+
+@Module({})
+export class DatabaseModule {
+  static forRoot(): DynamicModule {
+    const connectionProvider = {
+      provide: DatabaseConnection,
+      useFactory: () => {
+        return DatabaseConnection.connect();
+      },
+    };
+    return {
+      global: true,
+      module: DatabaseModule,
+      providers: [connectionProvider],
+      exports: [connectionProvider],
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/repl/src/long-living-app.module.ts
+++ b/integration/repl/src/long-living-app.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { DatabaseModule } from './database/database.module';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [DatabaseModule.forRoot()],
+})
+export class LongLivingAppModule {}
--- a/integration/repl/src/repl.ts
+++ b/integration/repl/src/repl.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { repl } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { LongLivingAppModule } from './long-living-app.module';
+
+async function bootstrap() {
+  await repl(LongLivingAppModule);
+}
+bootstrap().catch(err => {
+  console.error('Error during bootstrap:', err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
--- a/integration/scopes/e2e/transient-scope.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/e2e/transient-scope.spec.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import { INestApplication, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { INestApplication, Injectable, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import * as request from 'supertest';
+import { NestedTransientModule } from '../src/nested-transient/nested-transient.module';
 import { Guard } from '../src/transient/guards/request-scoped.guard';
 import { HelloController } from '../src/transient/hello.controller';
 import { HelloModule } from '../src/transient/hello.module';
@@ -17,65 +18,220 @@ class Meta {
 }

 describe('Transient scope', () => {
-  let server;
-  let app: INestApplication;
+  describe('when transient scope is used', () => {
+    let server: any;
+    let app: INestApplication;

-  before(async () => {
-    const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
-      imports: [
-        HelloModule.forRoot({
-          provide: 'META',
-          useClass: Meta,
-          scope: Scope.TRANSIENT,
-        }),
-      ],
-    }).compile();
-
-    app = module.createNestApplication();
-    server = app.getHttpServer();
-    await app.init();
-  });
-
-  describe('when one service is request scoped', () => {
    before(async () => {
-      const performHttpCall = end =>
-        request(server)
-          .get('/hello')
-          .end(err => {
-            if (err) return end(err);
-            end();
-          });
-      await new Promise<any>(resolve => performHttpCall(resolve));
-      await new Promise<any>(resolve => performHttpCall(resolve));
-      await new Promise<any>(resolve => performHttpCall(resolve));
+      const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [
+          HelloModule.forRoot({
+            provide: 'META',
+            useClass: Meta,
+            scope: Scope.TRANSIENT,
+          }),
+        ],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = module.createNestApplication();
+      server = app.getHttpServer();
+      await app.init();
    });

-    it(`should create controller for each request`, () => {
-      expect(HelloController.COUNTER).to.be.eql(3);
+    describe('and when one service is request scoped', () => {
+      before(async () => {
+        const performHttpCall = end =>
+          request(server)
+            .get('/hello')
+            .end(err => {
+              if (err) return end(err);
+              end();
+            });
+        await new Promise<any>(resolve => performHttpCall(resolve));
+        await new Promise<any>(resolve => performHttpCall(resolve));
+        await new Promise<any>(resolve => performHttpCall(resolve));
+      });
+
+      it(`should create controller for each request`, () => {
+        expect(HelloController.COUNTER).to.be.eql(3);
+      });
+
+      it(`should create service for each request`, () => {
+        expect(UsersService.COUNTER).to.be.eql(3);
+      });
+
+      it(`should create provider for each inquirer`, () => {
+        expect(Meta.COUNTER).to.be.eql(7);
+      });
+
+      it(`should create transient pipe for each controller (3 requests, 1 static)`, () => {
+        expect(UserByIdPipe.COUNTER).to.be.eql(4);
+      });
+
+      it(`should create transient interceptor for each controller (3 requests, 1 static)`, () => {
+        expect(Interceptor.COUNTER).to.be.eql(4);
+      });
+
+      it(`should create transient guard for each controller (3 requests, 1 static)`, () => {
+        expect(Guard.COUNTER).to.be.eql(4);
+      });
    });

-    it(`should create service for each request`, () => {
-      expect(UsersService.COUNTER).to.be.eql(3);
-    });
-
-    it(`should create provider for each inquirer`, () => {
-      expect(Meta.COUNTER).to.be.eql(7);
-    });
-
-    it(`should create transient pipe for each controller (3 requests, 1 static)`, () => {
-      expect(UserByIdPipe.COUNTER).to.be.eql(4);
-    });
-
-    it(`should create transient interceptor for each controller (3 requests, 1 static)`, () => {
-      expect(Interceptor.COUNTER).to.be.eql(4);
-    });
-
-    it(`should create transient guard for each controller (3 requests, 1 static)`, () => {
-      expect(Guard.COUNTER).to.be.eql(4);
+    after(async () => {
+      await app.close();
    });
  });

-  after(async () => {
-    await app.close();
+  describe('when there is a nested structure of transient providers', () => {
+    let app: INestApplication;
+
+    @Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+    class DeepTransient {
+      public initialized = false;
+
+      constructor() {
+        this.initialized = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+    class LoggerService {
+      public context?: string;
+    }
+
+    @Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+    class SecondService {
+      constructor(public readonly loggerService: LoggerService) {
+        this.loggerService.context = 'SecondService';
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Injectable()
+    class FirstService {
+      constructor(
+        public readonly secondService: SecondService,
+        public readonly loggerService: LoggerService,
+        public readonly deepTransient: DeepTransient,
+      ) {
+        this.loggerService.context = 'FirstService';
+      }
+    }
+
+    before(async () => {
+      const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        providers: [FirstService, SecondService, LoggerService, DeepTransient],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = module.createNestApplication();
+      await app.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should create a new instance of the transient provider for each provider', async () => {
+      const firstService1 = app.get(FirstService);
+
+      expect(firstService1.secondService.loggerService.context).to.equal(
+        'SecondService',
+      );
+      expect(firstService1.loggerService.context).to.equal('FirstService');
+      expect(firstService1.deepTransient.initialized).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+    after(async () => {
+      await app.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('when DEFAULT scoped provider has deeply nested TRANSIENT chain', () => {
+    let app: INestApplication;
+
+    @Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+    class DeepNestedTransient {
+      public static constructorCalled = false;
+
+      constructor() {
+        DeepNestedTransient.constructorCalled = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+    class MiddleTransient {
+      constructor(public readonly nested: DeepNestedTransient) {}
+    }
+
+    @Injectable()
+    class RootService {
+      constructor(public readonly middle: MiddleTransient) {}
+    }
+
+    before(async () => {
+      DeepNestedTransient.constructorCalled = false;
+
+      const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        providers: [RootService, MiddleTransient, DeepNestedTransient],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = module.createNestApplication();
+      await app.init();
+    });
+
+    it('should call constructor of deeply nested TRANSIENT provider', () => {
+      const rootService = app.get(RootService);
+
+      expect(DeepNestedTransient.constructorCalled).to.be.true;
+      expect(rootService.middle.nested).to.be.instanceOf(DeepNestedTransient);
+    });
+
+    after(async () => {
+      await app.close();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('when nested transient providers are used in request scope', () => {
+    let server: any;
+    let app: INestApplication;
+
+    before(async () => {
+      const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+        imports: [NestedTransientModule],
+      }).compile();
+
+      app = module.createNestApplication();
+      server = app.getHttpServer();
+      await app.init();
+    });
+
+    describe('when handling HTTP requests', () => {
+      let response: any;
+
+      before(async () => {
+        const performHttpCall = () =>
+          new Promise<any>((resolve, reject) => {
+            request(server)
+              .get('/nested-transient')
+              .end((err, res) => {
+                if (err) return reject(err);
+                resolve(res);
+              });
+          });
+
+        response = await performHttpCall();
+      });
+
+      it('should isolate nested transient instances for each parent service', () => {
+        expect(response.body.firstServiceContext).to.equal(
+          'NESTED-FirstService',
+        );
+        expect(response.body.secondServiceContext).to.equal(
+          'NESTED-SecondService',
+        );
+        expect(response.body.firstServiceNestedId).to.not.equal(
+          response.body.secondServiceNestedId,
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    after(async () => {
+      await app.close();
+    });
  });
 });
--- a/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/first-request.service.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/first-request.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { Injectable, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TransientLoggerService } from './transient-logger.service';
+
+@Injectable({ scope: Scope.REQUEST })
+export class FirstRequestService {
+  static COUNTER = 0;
+
+  constructor(public readonly logger: TransientLoggerService) {
+    FirstRequestService.COUNTER++;
+    this.logger.setContext('FirstService');
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/nested-transient.controller.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/nested-transient.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { Controller, Get, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FirstRequestService } from './first-request.service';
+import { SecondRequestService } from './second-request.service';
+
+@Controller({ path: 'nested-transient', scope: Scope.REQUEST })
+export class NestedTransientController {
+  static COUNTER = 0;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly firstService: FirstRequestService,
+    private readonly secondService: SecondRequestService,
+  ) {
+    NestedTransientController.COUNTER++;
+  }
+
+  @Get()
+  getIsolationData() {
+    return {
+      firstServiceContext: this.firstService.logger.getNestedContext(),
+      firstServiceNestedId: this.firstService.logger.getNestedInstanceId(),
+      secondServiceContext: this.secondService.logger.getNestedContext(),
+      secondServiceNestedId: this.secondService.logger.getNestedInstanceId(),
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/nested-transient.module.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/nested-transient.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { NestedTransientController } from './nested-transient.controller';
+import { FirstRequestService } from './first-request.service';
+import { SecondRequestService } from './second-request.service';
+import { TransientLoggerService } from './transient-logger.service';
+import { NestedTransientService } from './nested-transient.service';
+
+@Module({
+  controllers: [NestedTransientController],
+  providers: [
+    FirstRequestService,
+    SecondRequestService,
+    TransientLoggerService,
+    NestedTransientService,
+  ],
+})
+export class NestedTransientModule {}
--- a/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/nested-transient.service.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/nested-transient.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { Injectable, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+@Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+export class NestedTransientService {
+  static COUNTER = 0;
+  public readonly instanceId: number;
+  private context?: string;
+
+  constructor() {
+    NestedTransientService.COUNTER++;
+    this.instanceId = NestedTransientService.COUNTER;
+  }
+
+  setContext(ctx: string) {
+    this.context = ctx;
+  }
+
+  getContext(): string | undefined {
+    return this.context;
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/second-request.service.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/second-request.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { Injectable, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TransientLoggerService } from './transient-logger.service';
+
+@Injectable({ scope: Scope.REQUEST })
+export class SecondRequestService {
+  static COUNTER = 0;
+
+  constructor(public readonly logger: TransientLoggerService) {
+    SecondRequestService.COUNTER++;
+    this.logger.setContext('SecondService');
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/transient-logger.service.ts
+++ b/integration/scopes/src/nested-transient/transient-logger.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { Injectable, Scope } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { NestedTransientService } from './nested-transient.service';
+
+@Injectable({ scope: Scope.TRANSIENT })
+export class TransientLoggerService {
+  static COUNTER = 0;
+  public readonly instanceId: number;
+
+  constructor(public readonly nested: NestedTransientService) {
+    TransientLoggerService.COUNTER++;
+    this.instanceId = TransientLoggerService.COUNTER;
+  }
+
+  setContext(ctx: string) {
+    this.nested.setContext(`NESTED-${ctx}`);
+  }
+
+  getNestedContext(): string | undefined {
+    return this.nested.getContext();
+  }
+
+  getNestedInstanceId(): number {
+    return this.nested.instanceId;
+  }
+}
--- a/integration/websockets/e2e/gateway-ack.spec.ts
+++ b/integration/websockets/e2e/gateway-ack.spec.ts
@@ -41,5 +41,38 @@ describe('WebSocketGateway (ack)', () => {
    );
  });

+  it('should handle manual ack for async operations when @Ack() is used (success case)', async () => {
+    app = await createNestApp(AckGateway);
+    await app.listen(3000);
+
+    ws = io('http://localhost:8080');
+    const payload = { shouldSucceed: true };
+
+    await new Promise<void>(resolve =>
+      ws.emit('manual-ack', payload, response => {
+        expect(response).to.eql({ status: 'success', data: payload });
+        resolve();
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle manual ack for async operations when @Ack() is used (error case)', async () => {
+    app = await createNestApp(AckGateway);
+    await app.listen(3000);
+
+    ws = io('http://localhost:8080');
+    const payload = { shouldSucceed: false };
+
+    await new Promise<void>(resolve =>
+      ws.emit('manual-ack', payload, response => {
+        expect(response).to.eql({
+          status: 'error',
+          message: 'Operation failed',
+        });
+        resolve();
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
  afterEach(() => app.close());
 });
--- a/integration/websockets/src/ack.gateway.ts
+++ b/integration/websockets/src/ack.gateway.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { SubscribeMessage, WebSocketGateway } from '@nestjs/websockets';
+import {
+  Ack,
+  MessageBody,
+  SubscribeMessage,
+  WebSocketGateway,
+} from '@nestjs/websockets';

@WebSocketGateway(8080)
 export class AckGateway {
@@ -6,4 +11,19 @@ export class AckGateway {
  onPush() {
    return 'pong';
  }
+
+  @SubscribeMessage('manual-ack')
+  async handleManualAck(
+    @MessageBody() data: any,
+    @Ack() ack: (response: any) => void,
+  ) {
+    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+
+    if (data.shouldSucceed) {
+      ack({ status: 'success', data });
+    } else {
+      ack({ status: 'error', message: 'Operation failed' });
+    }
+    return { status: 'ignored' };
+  }
 }
--- a/lerna.json
+++ b/lerna.json
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "lerna": "2.4.0",
-  "packages": [
-    "packages/*"
-  ],
-  "version": "11.0.16"
+  "packages": ["packages/*"],
+  "version": "11.1.14",
+  "$schema": "node_modules/lerna/schemas/lerna-schema.json"
 }
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@nestjs/core",
-  "version": "11.0.10",
+  "version": "11.1.10",
  "description": "Modern, fast, powerful node.js web framework",
  "homepage": "https://nestjs.com",
  "repository": {
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@
    "lint:spec": "node --max-old-space-size=4096 ./node_modules/.bin/eslint 'packages/**/**.spec.ts'",
    "lint:ci": "concurrently 'npm run lint:packages' 'npm run lint:spec'",
    "prerelease": "gulp copy-misc",
-    "publish": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --force-publish --access public --exact -m \"chore(@nestjs) publish %s release\"",
+    "publish": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --force-publish --exact -m \"chore(release): publish %s release\"",
    "prepublishOnly": "npm run changelog | pbcopy",
-    "publish:beta": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --npm-tag=beta --access public -m \"chore(@nestjs) publish %s release\"",
-    "publish:next": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --npm-tag=next --access public --skip-git -m \"chore(@nestjs) publish %s release\"",
-    "publish:rc": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --npm-tag=rc --access public -m \"chore(@nestjs) publish %s release\"",
-    "publish:test": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --force-publish --access public --npm-tag=test --skip-git -m \"chore(@nestjs) publish %s release\"",
+    "publish:beta": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --npm-tag=beta -m \"chore(release): publish %s release\"",
+    "publish:next": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --npm-tag=next --skip-git -m \"chore(release): publish %s release\"",
+    "publish:rc": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --npm-tag=rc -m \"chore(release): publish %s release\"",
+    "publish:test": "npm run prerelease && npm run build:prod && ./node_modules/.bin/lerna publish --force-publish --npm-tag=test --skip-git -m \"chore(release): publish %s release\"",
    "prepare": "husky"
  },
  "lint-staged": {
@@ -60,124 +60,116 @@
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@nuxt/opencollective": "0.4.1",
-    "ansis": "3.17.0",
+    "ansis": "4.2.0",
    "class-transformer": "0.5.1",
-    "class-validator": "0.14.1",
-    "cors": "2.8.5",
-    "express": "5.1.0",
-    "fast-json-stringify": "6.0.1",
+    "class-validator": "0.14.3",
+    "cors": "2.8.6",
+    "express": "5.2.1",
+    "fast-json-stringify": "6.3.0",
    "fast-safe-stringify": "2.1.1",
-    "file-type": "20.4.1",
+    "file-type": "21.3.0",
    "iterare": "1.2.1",
+    "load-esm": "1.0.3",
    "object-hash": "3.0.0",
-    "path-to-regexp": "8.2.0",
+    "path-to-regexp": "8.3.0",
    "reflect-metadata": "0.2.2",
    "rxjs": "7.8.2",
-    "socket.io": "4.8.1",
+    "socket.io": "4.8.3",
    "tslib": "2.8.1",
    "uid": "2.0.2",
-    "uuid": "11.1.0"
+    "uuid": "13.0.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@apollo/server": "4.12.0",
-    "@codechecks/client": "0.1.12",
-    "@commitlint/cli": "19.8.0",
-    "@commitlint/config-angular": "19.8.0",
-    "@eslint/eslintrc": "3.3.1",
-    "@eslint/js": "9.24.0",
-    "@fastify/cors": "11.0.1",
+    "@apollo/server": "5.4.0",
+    "@as-integrations/express5": "1.1.2",
+    "@commitlint/cli": "20.4.1",
+    "@commitlint/config-angular": "20.4.1",
+    "@eslint/eslintrc": "3.3.3",
+    "@eslint/js": "9.39.2",
+    "@fastify/cors": "11.2.0",
    "@fastify/formbody": "8.0.2",
-    "@fastify/middie": "9.0.3",
-    "@fastify/multipart": "9.0.3",
-    "@fastify/static": "8.1.1",
-    "@fastify/view": "11.0.0",
-    "@grpc/grpc-js": "1.13.3",
-    "@grpc/proto-loader": "0.7.13",
-    "@nestjs/apollo": "13.0.4",
-    "@nestjs/graphql": "13.0.4",
-    "@nestjs/mongoose": "11.0.3",
+    "@fastify/middie": "9.1.0",
+    "@fastify/multipart": "9.4.0",
+    "@fastify/static": "9.0.0",
+    "@fastify/view": "11.1.1",
+    "@grpc/grpc-js": "1.14.3",
+    "@grpc/proto-loader": "0.8.0",
+    "@nestjs/apollo": "13.2.4",
+    "@nestjs/graphql": "13.2.4",
+    "@nestjs/mongoose": "11.0.4",
    "@nestjs/typeorm": "11.0.0",
-    "@types/amqplib": "0.10.7",
-    "@types/bytes": "3.1.5",
+    "@types/amqplib": "0.10.8",
    "@types/chai": "4.3.20",
    "@types/chai-as-promised": "7.1.8",
-    "@types/cors": "2.8.17",
+    "@types/cors": "2.8.19",
    "@types/eslint__js": "8.42.3",
-    "@types/express": "5.0.1",
-    "@types/gulp": "4.0.17",
-    "@types/http-errors": "2.0.4",
+    "@types/express": "5.0.6",
+    "@types/gulp": "4.0.18",
+    "@types/http-errors": "2.0.5",
    "@types/mocha": "10.0.10",
-    "@types/node": "22.14.0",
-    "@types/sinon": "17.0.4",
+    "@types/node": "25.2.3",
+    "@types/sinon": "21.0.0",
    "@types/supertest": "6.0.3",
    "@types/ws": "8.18.1",
-    "amqp-connection-manager": "4.1.14",
-    "amqplib": "0.10.7",
-    "artillery": "2.0.22",
-    "body-parser": "2.2.0",
-    "bytes": "3.1.2",
-    "cache-manager": "6.4.2",
-    "cache-manager-redis-store": "3.0.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "8.56.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "8.56.0",
+    "amqp-connection-manager": "5.0.0",
+    "amqplib": "0.10.9",
+    "body-parser": "2.2.2",
+    "cache-manager": "7.2.8",
    "chai": "4.5.0",
    "chai-as-promised": "7.1.2",
-    "clang-format": "1.8.0",
-    "concurrently": "9.1.2",
-    "conventional-changelog": "6.0.0",
-    "core-js": "3.41.0",
+    "concurrently": "9.2.1",
+    "conventional-changelog": "7.1.1",
    "coveralls": "3.1.1",
    "delete-empty": "3.0.0",
-    "engine.io-client": "6.6.3",
-    "eslint": "9.24.0",
-    "eslint-config-prettier": "10.1.2",
-    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.31.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "5.2.6",
-    "eventsource": "3.0.6",
+    "eslint": "9.39.2",
+    "eslint-config-prettier": "10.1.8",
+    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "5.5.5",
+    "eventsource": "4.1.0",
    "fancy-log": "2.0.0",
-    "fastify": "5.2.2",
-    "globals": "16.0.0",
-    "graphql": "16.10.0",
+    "fastify": "5.7.4",
+    "fastify-plugin": "5.1.0",
+    "find-my-way": "9.4.0",
+    "globals": "17.3.0",
+    "graphql": "16.12.0",
    "graphql-subscriptions": "3.0.0",
-    "graphql-tools": "9.0.18",
-    "gulp": "5.0.0",
+    "gulp": "5.0.1",
    "gulp-clang-format": "1.0.27",
    "gulp-clean": "0.4.0",
    "gulp-sourcemaps": "3.0.0",
    "gulp-typescript": "5.0.1",
    "gulp-watch": "5.0.1",
-    "http-errors": "2.0.0",
+    "http-errors": "2.0.1",
    "husky": "9.1.7",
-    "imports-loader": "5.0.0",
-    "ioredis": "5.6.0",
-    "json-loader": "0.5.7",
+    "ioredis": "5.9.3",
    "kafkajs": "2.2.4",
-    "lerna": "2.11.0",
+    "lerna": "9.0.4",
    "lerna-changelog": "2.2.0",
    "light-my-request": "6.6.0",
-    "lint-staged": "15.5.0",
+    "lint-staged": "16.2.7",
    "markdown-table": "2.0.0",
-    "mocha": "11.1.0",
-    "mongoose": "8.13.2",
-    "mqtt": "5.11.0",
-    "multer": "1.4.5-lts.2",
-    "mysql2": "3.14.0",
+    "mocha": "11.7.5",
+    "mongoose": "9.2.1",
+    "mqtt": "5.15.0",
+    "multer": "2.0.2",
+    "mysql2": "3.17.2",
    "nats": "2.29.3",
-    "nodemon": "3.1.9",
    "nyc": "14.1.1",
-    "prettier": "3.5.3",
-    "redis": "4.7.0",
+    "prettier": "^3.7.4",
+    "redis": "5.11.0",
+    "reusify": "1.1.0",
    "rxjs-compat": "6.6.7",
-    "sinon": "20.0.0",
+    "sinon": "21.0.1",
    "sinon-chai": "3.7.0",
-    "socket.io-client": "4.8.1",
-    "subscriptions-transport-ws": "0.11.0",
-    "supertest": "7.1.0",
-    "ts-morph": "25.0.1",
+    "socket.io-client": "4.8.3",
+    "supertest": "7.2.2",
+    "ts-morph": "27.0.2",
    "ts-node": "10.9.2",
-    "typeorm": "0.3.22",
-    "typescript": "5.7.3",
-    "typescript-eslint": "8.29.1",
-    "wrk": "1.2.1",
-    "ws": "8.18.1"
+    "typeorm": "0.3.28",
+    "typescript": "5.9.3",
+    "typescript-eslint": "8.56.0",
+    "ws": "8.19.0"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">= 20"
--- a/packages/common/Readme.md
+++ b/packages/common/Readme.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://nestjs.com/" target="blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logo-small.svg" width="120" alt="Nest Logo" /></a>
+  <a href="https://nestjs.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logo-small.svg" width="120" alt="Nest Logo" /></a>
 </p>

 [circleci-image]: https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/github/nestjs/nest/master?token=abc123def456
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  <p align="center">A progressive <a href="https://nodejs.org" target="_blank">Node.js</a> framework for building efficient and scalable server-side applications.</p>
    <p align="center">
 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/~nestjscore" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@nestjs/core.svg" alt="NPM Version" /></a>
-<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/~nestjscore" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/l/@nestjs/core.svg" alt="Package License" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest/blob/master/LICENSE" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/l/@nestjs/core.svg" alt="Package License" /></a>
 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/~nestjscore" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/@nestjs/common.svg" alt="NPM Downloads" /></a>
 <a href="https://circleci.com/gh/nestjs/nest" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/github/nestjs/nest/master" alt="CircleCI" /></a>
 <a href="https://discord.gg/G7Qnnhy" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-online-brightgreen.svg" alt="Discord"/></a>
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Please make sure to read the [Issue Reporting Checklist](https://github.com/nest

 ## Consulting

-With official support, you can get expert help straight from Nest core team. We provide dedicated technical support, migration strategies, advice on best practices (and design decisions), PR reviews, and team augmentation. Read more about [support here](https://enterprise.nestjs.com).
+With official support, you can get expert help straight from the Nest core team. We provide dedicated technical support, migration strategies, advice on best practices (and design decisions), PR reviews, and team augmentation. Read more about [support here](https://enterprise.nestjs.com).

 ## Support

@@ -62,9 +62,8 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 <td><a href="https://trilon.io" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/trilon.svg" width="200" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://microsoft.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/microsoft-logo.png" width="180" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://mojam.co" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/mojam-logo.png" width="80" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://marblism.com?utm_source=nest" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/marblism-logo.png" width="180" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://valor-software.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://docs.nestjs.com/assets/sponsors/valor-software.png" width="170" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://amplication.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/amplication-logo.svg" width="190" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+<td><a href="https://serpapi.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/serpapi-logo.png" width="150" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

@@ -80,10 +79,7 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><a href="https://snyk.co/nestjs" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/snyk-logo-black.png" width="185" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://fuseautotech.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/fuse-logo.svg" width="105" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://ridicorp.com/career/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/ridi-logo.svg" width="105" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://www.movavi.com/imovie-for-windows.html" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/movavi-logo.svg" width="105" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://skunk.team" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/skunk-logo.png" height="60" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

@@ -93,10 +89,12 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 <tr>
 <td><a href="https://www.mercedes-benz.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/mercedes-logo.png" width="100" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://www.dinii.jp/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/dinii-logo.png" width="65" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td><a href="https://bloodycase.com/?promocode=NEST" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/bloodycase-logo.png" width="65" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td><a href="https://handsontable.com/docs/react-data-grid/?utm_source=NestJS_GH&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=library_sponsorship_2024" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/handsontable-dark-logo.svg#2" width="150" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.itflashcards.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/it_flashcards-logo.png" width="170" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://arcjet.com/?ref=nestjs" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/arcjet-logo.svg" width="170" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://crawljobs.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/crawljobs-logo.svg" width="130" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+</tr><tr>
+<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://pandektes.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/pandektes-logo.png" width="65" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

@@ -120,19 +118,16 @@ Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project. It can grow thanks to the sponsors
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://triplecore.io" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/triplecore-logo.svg" width="50" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://thecasinowizard.com/bonuses/no-deposit-bonuses/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/casinowizard-logo.png" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://polygon-software.ch/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/polygon-logo.svg" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://boringowl.io/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/boringowl-logo.svg" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://nordbot.app/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/nordbot-logo.png" width="120" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://doppio.sh/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/dopiosh-logo.png" width="50" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.hingehealth.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/hinge-health-logo.svg" width="100" valign="middle" /></a></td>
+<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.tripoffice.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/tripoffice-logo.png" width="140" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://julienferand.dev/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/julienferand-logo.jpeg" width="55" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.tripoffice.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/tripoffice-logo.png" width="140" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://solcellsforetag.se/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/solcellsforetag-logo.svg" width="140" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 <td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.route4me.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/route4me-logo.svg" width="100" valign="middle" /></a></td>
-<td align="center" valign="middle"><a href="https://www.slotsup.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://nestjs.com/img/logos/slotsup-logo.png" width="60" valign="middle" /></a></td>
 </tr>
 </table>

--- a/packages/common/decorators/core/dependencies.decorator.ts
+++ b/packages/common/decorators/core/dependencies.decorator.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ export function flatten<T extends Array<unknown> = any>(
  arr: T,
 ): T extends Array<infer R> ? R : never {
  const flat = ([] as any[]).concat(...arr);
-  return flat.some(Array.isArray) ? flatten(flat) : flat;
+  return flat.some(Array.isArray)
+    ? flatten(flat)
+    : (flat as T extends Array<infer R> ? R : never);
 }

 /**
--- a/packages/common/decorators/http/sse.decorator.ts
+++ b/packages/common/decorators/http/sse.decorator.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ import { RequestMethod } from '../../enums/request-method.enum';
 *
 * @publicApi
 */
-export function Sse(path?: string): MethodDecorator {
+export function Sse(
+  path?: string,
+  options: { [METHOD_METADATA]?: RequestMethod } = {
+    [METHOD_METADATA]: RequestMethod.GET,
+  },
+): MethodDecorator {
  return (
    target: object,
    key: string | symbol,
@@ -17,7 +22,7 @@ export function Sse(path?: string): MethodDecorator {
    Reflect.defineMetadata(PATH_METADATA, path, descriptor.value);
    Reflect.defineMetadata(
      METHOD_METADATA,
-      RequestMethod.GET,
+      options[METHOD_METADATA],
      descriptor.value,
    );
    Reflect.defineMetadata(SSE_METADATA, true, descriptor.value);
--- a/packages/common/enums/route-paramtypes.enum.ts
+++ b/packages/common/enums/route-paramtypes.enum.ts
@@ -12,4 +12,5 @@ export enum RouteParamtypes {
  HOST = 10,
  IP = 11,
  RAW_BODY = 12,
+  ACK = 13,
 }
--- a/packages/common/file-stream/interfaces/streamable-options.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/file-stream/interfaces/streamable-options.interface.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export interface StreamableFileOptions {
  /**
   * The value that will be used for the `Content-Disposition` response header.
   */
-  disposition?: string;
+  disposition?: string | string[];
  /**
   * The value that will be used for the `Content-Length` response header.
   */
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/external/cors-options.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/external/cors-options.interface.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type StaticOrigin = boolean | string | RegExp | (string | RegExp)[];
 * @publicApi
 */
 export type CustomOrigin = (
-  requestOrigin: string,
+  requestOrigin: string | undefined,
  callback: (err: Error | null, origin?: StaticOrigin) => void,
 ) => void;

--- a/packages/common/interfaces/index.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/index.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export * from './nest-application-options.interface';
 export * from './nest-application.interface';
 export * from './nest-microservice.interface';
 export * from './scope-options.interface';
+export * from './shutdown-hooks-options.interface';
 export * from './type.interface';
 export * from './version-options.interface';
 export * from './websockets/web-socket-adapter.interface';
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/microservices/nest-hybrid-application-options.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/microservices/nest-hybrid-application-options.interface.ts
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 */
 export interface NestHybridApplicationOptions {
  inheritAppConfig?: boolean;
+  deferInitialization?: boolean;
 }
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/nest-application-context-options.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/nest-application-context-options.interface.ts
@@ -53,4 +53,25 @@ export class NestApplicationContextOptions {
   * @default 'reference'
   */
  moduleIdGeneratorAlgorithm?: 'deep-hash' | 'reference';
+
+  /**
+   * Instrument the application context.
+   * This option allows you to add custom instrumentation to the application context.
+   */
+  instrument?: {
+    /**
+     * Function that decorates each instance created by the application context.
+     * This function can be used to add custom properties or methods to the instance.
+     * @param instance The instance to decorate.
+     * @returns The decorated instance.
+     */
+    instanceDecorator: (instance: unknown) => unknown;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * If enabled, will force the use of console.log/console.error instead of process.stdout/stderr.write
+   * in the default ConsoleLogger. This is useful for test environments like Jest that can buffer console calls.
+   * @default false
+   */
+  forceConsole?: boolean;
 }
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/nest-application-context.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/nest-application-context.interface.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { ShutdownSignal } from '../enums/shutdown-signal.enum';
 import { LoggerService, LogLevel } from '../services/logger.service';
 import { DynamicModule } from './modules';
 import { NestApplicationContextOptions } from './nest-application-context-options.interface';
+import { ShutdownHooksOptions } from './shutdown-hooks-options.interface';
 import { Type } from './type.interface';

 export type SelectOptions = Pick<NestApplicationContextOptions, 'abortOnError'>;
@@ -143,9 +144,15 @@ export interface INestApplicationContext {
   * `onApplicationShutdown` function of a provider if the
   * process receives a shutdown signal.
   *
+   * @param {ShutdownSignal[] | string[]} [signals] The system signals to listen to
+   * @param {ShutdownHooksOptions} [options] Options for configuring shutdown hooks behavior
+   *
   * @returns {this} The Nest application context instance
   */
-  enableShutdownHooks(signals?: ShutdownSignal[] | string[]): this;
+  enableShutdownHooks(
+    signals?: ShutdownSignal[] | string[],
+    options?: ShutdownHooksOptions,
+  ): this;

  /**
   * Initializes the Nest application.
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/nest-application.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/nest-application.interface.ts
@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@ import { WebSocketAdapter } from './websockets/web-socket-adapter.interface';
 *
 * @publicApi
 */
-export interface INestApplication<TServer = any>
-  extends INestApplicationContext {
+export interface INestApplication<
+  TServer = any,
+> extends INestApplicationContext {
  /**
   * A wrapper function around HTTP adapter method: `adapter.use()`.
   * Example `app.use(cors())`
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/shutdown-hooks-options.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/shutdown-hooks-options.interface.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * Options for configuring shutdown hooks behavior.
+ *
+ * @publicApi
+ */
+export interface ShutdownHooksOptions {
+  /**
+   * If true, uses `process.exit()` instead of `process.kill(process.pid, signal)`
+   * after shutdown hooks complete. This ensures the 'exit' event is properly
+   * triggered, which is required for async loggers (like Pino with transports)
+   * to flush their buffers before the process terminates.
+   *
+   * Note: Using `process.exit()` will:
+   * - Change the exit code (e.g., SIGTERM: 143 → 0)
+   * - May not trigger other signal handlers from third-party libraries
+   * - May affect orchestrator (Kubernetes, Docker) behavior
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  useProcessExit?: boolean;
+}
--- a/packages/common/interfaces/websockets/web-socket-adapter.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/interfaces/websockets/web-socket-adapter.interface.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
 export interface WsMessageHandler<T = string> {
  message: T;
  callback: (...args: any[]) => Observable<any> | Promise<any>;
+  isAckHandledManually: boolean;
 }

 /**
--- a/packages/common/module-utils/configurable-module.builder.ts
+++ b/packages/common/module-utils/configurable-module.builder.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Logger } from '../services/logger.service';
 import { randomStringGenerator } from '../utils/random-string-generator.util';
 import {
  ASYNC_METHOD_SUFFIX,
+  ASYNC_OPTIONS_METADATA_KEYS,
  CONFIGURABLE_MODULE_ID,
  DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
  DEFAULT_METHOD_KEY,
@@ -52,8 +53,8 @@ export interface ConfigurableModuleBuilderOptions {
 export class ConfigurableModuleBuilder<
  ModuleOptions,
  StaticMethodKey extends string = typeof DEFAULT_METHOD_KEY,
-  FactoryClassMethodKey extends
-    string = typeof DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
+  FactoryClassMethodKey extends string =
+    typeof DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
  ExtraModuleDefinitionOptions = {},
 > {
  protected staticMethodKey: StaticMethodKey;
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ export class ConfigurableModuleBuilder<
          },
          {
            ...self.extras,
-            ...options,
+            ...this.extractExtrasFromAsyncOptions(options, self.extras),
          },
        );
      }
@@ -277,8 +278,28 @@ export class ConfigurableModuleBuilder<
        return moduleOptions as ModuleOptions;
      }

+      private static extractExtrasFromAsyncOptions(
+        input: ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions<ModuleOptions> &
+          ExtraModuleDefinitionOptions,
+        extras: ExtraModuleDefinitionOptions | undefined,
+      ): Partial<ExtraModuleDefinitionOptions> {
+        if (!extras) {
+          return {};
+        }
+        const extrasOptions = {};
+
+        Object.keys(input as object)
+          .filter(key => !ASYNC_OPTIONS_METADATA_KEYS.includes(key as any))
+          .forEach(key => {
+            extrasOptions[key] = input[key];
+          });
+
+        return extrasOptions;
+      }
+
      private static createAsyncProviders(
-        options: ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions<ModuleOptions>,
+        options: ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions<ModuleOptions> &
+          ExtraModuleDefinitionOptions,
      ): Provider[] {
        if (options.useExisting || options.useFactory) {
          if (options.inject && options.provideInjectionTokensFrom) {
--- a/packages/common/module-utils/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/common/module-utils/constants.ts
@@ -3,3 +3,16 @@ export const DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY = 'create';

 export const ASYNC_METHOD_SUFFIX = 'Async';
 export const CONFIGURABLE_MODULE_ID = 'CONFIGURABLE_MODULE_ID';
+
+/**
+ * List of keys that are specific to ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions
+ * and should be excluded when extracting user-defined extras.
+ */
+export const ASYNC_OPTIONS_METADATA_KEYS = [
+  'useFactory',
+  'useClass',
+  'useExisting',
+  'inject',
+  'imports',
+  'provideInjectionTokensFrom',
+] as const;
--- a/packages/common/module-utils/interfaces/configurable-module-async-options.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/module-utils/interfaces/configurable-module-async-options.interface.ts
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ export type ConfigurableModuleOptionsFactory<
 */
 export interface ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions<
  ModuleOptions,
-  FactoryClassMethodKey extends
-    string = typeof DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
+  FactoryClassMethodKey extends string =
+    typeof DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
 > extends Pick<ModuleMetadata, 'imports'> {
  /**
   * Injection token resolving to an existing provider. The provider must implement
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export interface ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions<
  >;
  /**
   * Function returning options (or a Promise resolving to options) to configure the
-   * cache module.
+   * module.
   */
  useFactory?: (...args: any[]) => Promise<ModuleOptions> | ModuleOptions;
  /**
--- a/packages/common/module-utils/interfaces/configurable-module-cls.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/module-utils/interfaces/configurable-module-cls.interface.ts
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import { ConfigurableModuleAsyncOptions } from './configurable-module-async-opti
 export type ConfigurableModuleCls<
  ModuleOptions,
  MethodKey extends string = typeof DEFAULT_METHOD_KEY,
-  FactoryClassMethodKey extends
-    string = typeof DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
+  FactoryClassMethodKey extends string =
+    typeof DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS_METHOD_KEY,
  ExtraModuleDefinitionOptions = {},
 > = {
  new (): any;
--- a/packages/common/package.json
+++ b/packages/common/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@nestjs/common",
-  "version": "11.0.16",
+  "version": "11.1.14",
  "description": "Nest - modern, fast, powerful node.js web framework (@common)",
  "author": "Kamil Mysliwiec",
  "homepage": "https://nestjs.com",
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@
  },
  "license": "MIT",
  "dependencies": {
+    "file-type": "21.3.0",
    "iterare": "1.2.1",
+    "load-esm": "1.0.3",
    "tslib": "2.8.1",
    "uid": "2.0.2"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
-    "class-transformer": "*",
-    "class-validator": "*",
-    "file-type": "^20.4.1",
+    "class-transformer": ">=0.4.1",
+    "class-validator": ">=0.13.2",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.12 || ^0.2.0",
    "rxjs": "^7.1.0"
  },
@@ -36,5 +37,6 @@
    "class-transformer": {
      "optional": true
    }
-  }
+  },
+  "gitHead": "bcb4747f7598a9d2655c8184a6d729ebefa07fbd"
 }
--- a/packages/common/pipes/default-value.pipe.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/default-value.pipe.ts
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ import { isNil, isNumber } from '../utils/shared.utils';
 * @publicApi
 */
@Injectable()
-export class DefaultValuePipe<T = any, R = any>
-  implements PipeTransform<T, T | R>
-{
+export class DefaultValuePipe<T = any, R = any> implements PipeTransform<
+  T,
+  T | R
+> {
  constructor(protected readonly defaultValue: R) {}

  transform(value?: T, _metadata?: ArgumentMetadata): T | R {
--- a/packages/common/pipes/file/file-type.validator.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/file/file-type.validator.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,61 @@
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'url';
+import { Logger } from '../../services/logger.service';
+import { FileValidatorContext } from './file-validator-context.interface';
 import { FileValidator } from './file-validator.interface';
 import { IFile } from './interfaces';
+import { loadEsm } from 'load-esm';
+
+const logger = new Logger('FileTypeValidator');
+type FileTypeValidatorContext = FileValidatorContext<
+  Omit<FileTypeValidatorOptions, 'errorMessage'>
+>;

 export type FileTypeValidatorOptions = {
+  /**
+   * Expected file type(s) for validation. Can be a string (MIME type)
+   * or a regular expression to match multiple types.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Match a single MIME type
+   * fileType: 'image/png'
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Match multiple types using RegExp
+   * fileType: /^image\/(png|jpeg)$/
+   */
  fileType: string | RegExp;

+  /**
+   * Custom error message displayed when file type validation fails
+   * Can be provided as a static string, or as a factory function
+   * that receives the validation context (file and validator configuration)
+   * and returns a dynamic error message.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Static message
+   * new FileTypeValidator({ fileType: 'image/png', errorMessage: 'Only PNG allowed' })
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Dynamic message based on file object and validator configuration
+   * new FileTypeValidator({
+   *   fileType: 'image/png',
+   *   errorMessage: ctx => `Received file type '${ctx.file?.mimetype}', but expected '${ctx.config.fileType}'`
+   * })
+   */
+  errorMessage?: string | ((ctx: FileTypeValidatorContext) => string);
+
  /**
   * If `true`, the validator will skip the magic numbers validation.
   * This can be useful when you can't identify some files as there are no common magic numbers available for some file types.
   * @default false
   */
  skipMagicNumbersValidation?: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * If `true`, and magic number check fails, fallback to mimetype comparison.
+   * @default false
+   */
+  fallbackToMimetype?: boolean;
 };

 /**
@@ -26,9 +72,31 @@ export class FileTypeValidator extends FileValidator<
  IFile
 > {
  buildErrorMessage(file?: IFile): string {
-    if (file?.mimetype) {
-      return `Validation failed (current file type is ${file.mimetype}, expected type is ${this.validationOptions.fileType})`;
+    const { errorMessage, ...config } = this.validationOptions;
+
+    if (errorMessage) {
+      return typeof errorMessage === 'function'
+        ? errorMessage({ file, config })
+        : errorMessage;
    }
+
+    if (file?.mimetype) {
+      const baseMessage = `Validation failed (current file type is ${file.mimetype}, expected type is ${this.validationOptions.fileType})`;
+
+      /**
+       * If fallbackToMimetype is enabled, this means the validator failed to detect the file type
+       * via magic number inspection (e.g. due to an unknown or too short buffer),
+       * and instead used the mimetype string provided by the client as a fallback.
+       *
+       * This message clarifies that fallback logic was used, in case users rely on file signatures.
+       */
+      if (this.validationOptions.fallbackToMimetype) {
+        return `${baseMessage} - magic number detection failed, used mimetype fallback`;
+      }
+
+      return baseMessage;
+    }
+
    return `Validation failed (expected type is ${this.validationOptions.fileType})`;
  }

@@ -39,27 +107,69 @@ export class FileTypeValidator extends FileValidator<

    const isFileValid = !!file && 'mimetype' in file;

+    // Skip magic number validation if set
    if (this.validationOptions.skipMagicNumbersValidation) {
      return (
        isFileValid && !!file.mimetype.match(this.validationOptions.fileType)
      );
    }

-    if (!isFileValid || !file.buffer) {
+    if (!isFileValid) return false;
+
+    if (!file.buffer) {
+      if (this.validationOptions.fallbackToMimetype) {
+        return !!file.mimetype.match(this.validationOptions.fileType);
+      }
      return false;
    }

    try {
-      const { fileTypeFromBuffer } = (await eval(
-        'import ("file-type")',
-      )) as typeof import('file-type');
-
+      let fileTypeModule: string;
+      try {
+        const resolvedPath = require.resolve('file-type');
+        fileTypeModule = pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href;
+      } catch {
+        fileTypeModule = 'file-type';
+      }
+      const { fileTypeFromBuffer } =
+        await loadEsm<typeof import('file-type')>(fileTypeModule);
      const fileType = await fileTypeFromBuffer(file.buffer);

-      return (
-        !!fileType && !!fileType.mime.match(this.validationOptions.fileType)
-      );
-    } catch {
+      if (fileType) {
+        // Match detected mime type against allowed type
+        return !!fileType.mime.match(this.validationOptions.fileType);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Fallback logic: If file-type cannot detect magic number (e.g. file too small),
+       * Optionally fall back to mimetype string for compatibility.
+       * This is useful for plain text, CSVs, or files without recognizable signatures.
+       */
+      if (this.validationOptions.fallbackToMimetype) {
+        return !!file.mimetype.match(this.validationOptions.fileType);
+      }
+      return false;
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMessage =
+        error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+
+      // Check for common ESM loading issues
+      if (
+        errorMessage.includes('ERR_VM_DYNAMIC_IMPORT_CALLBACK_MISSING') ||
+        errorMessage.includes('Cannot find module') ||
+        errorMessage.includes('ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND')
+      ) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `Failed to load the "file-type" package for magic number validation. ` +
+            `If you are using Jest, run it with NODE_OPTIONS="--experimental-vm-modules". ` +
+            `Error: ${errorMessage}`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Fallback to mimetype if enabled
+      if (this.validationOptions.fallbackToMimetype) {
+        return !!file.mimetype.match(this.validationOptions.fileType);
+      }
      return false;
    }
  }
--- a/packages/common/pipes/file/file-validator-context.interface.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/file/file-validator-context.interface.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { IFile } from './interfaces';
+
+export type FileValidatorContext<TConfig> = {
+  file?: IFile;
+  config: TConfig;
+};
--- a/packages/common/pipes/file/max-file-size.validator.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/file/max-file-size.validator.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,40 @@
+import { FileValidatorContext } from './file-validator-context.interface';
 import { FileValidator } from './file-validator.interface';
 import { IFile } from './interfaces';

+type MaxFileSizeValidatorContext = FileValidatorContext<
+  Omit<MaxFileSizeValidatorOptions, 'errorMessage' | 'message'>
+>;
+
 export type MaxFileSizeValidatorOptions = {
+  /**
+   * Maximum allowed file size in bytes.
+   */
  maxSize: number;
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Use `errorMessage` instead.
+   */
  message?: string | ((maxSize: number) => string);
+
+  /**
+   * Custom error message returned when file size validation fails.
+   * Can be provided as a static string, or as a factory function
+   * that receives the validation context (file and validator configuration)
+   * and returns a dynamic error message.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Static message
+   * new MaxFileSizeValidator({ maxSize: 1000, errorMessage: 'File size exceeds the limit' })
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Dynamic message based on file object and validator configuration
+   * new MaxFileSizeValidator({
+   *   maxSize: 1000,
+   *   errorMessage: ctx => `Received file size is ${ctx.file?.size}, but it must be smaller than ${ctx.config.maxSize}.`
+   * })
+   */
+  errorMessage?: string | ((ctx: MaxFileSizeValidatorContext) => string);
 };

 /**
@@ -18,12 +49,18 @@ export class MaxFileSizeValidator extends FileValidator<
  IFile
 > {
  buildErrorMessage(file?: IFile): string {
-    if ('message' in this.validationOptions) {
-      if (typeof this.validationOptions.message === 'function') {
-        return this.validationOptions.message(this.validationOptions.maxSize);
-      }
+    const { errorMessage, message, ...config } = this.validationOptions;

-      return this.validationOptions.message!;
+    if (errorMessage) {
+      return typeof errorMessage === 'function'
+        ? errorMessage({ file, config })
+        : errorMessage;
+    }
+
+    if (message) {
+      return typeof message === 'function'
+        ? message(this.validationOptions.maxSize)
+        : message;
    }

    if (file?.size) {
--- a/packages/common/pipes/parse-array.pipe.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/parse-array.pipe.ts
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@ const DEFAULT_ARRAY_SEPARATOR = ',';
 /**
 * @publicApi
 */
-export interface ParseArrayOptions
-  extends Omit<
-    ValidationPipeOptions,
-    'transform' | 'validateCustomDecorators' | 'exceptionFactory'
-  > {
+export interface ParseArrayOptions extends Omit<
+  ValidationPipeOptions,
+  'transform' | 'validateCustomDecorators' | 'exceptionFactory'
+> {
  /**
   * Type for items to be converted into
   */
--- a/packages/common/pipes/parse-bool.pipe.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/parse-bool.pipe.ts
@@ -41,9 +41,10 @@ export interface ParseBoolPipeOptions {
 * @publicApi
 */
@Injectable()
-export class ParseBoolPipe
-  implements PipeTransform<string | boolean, Promise<boolean>>
-{
+export class ParseBoolPipe implements PipeTransform<
+  string | boolean,
+  Promise<boolean>
+> {
  protected exceptionFactory: (error: string) => any;

  constructor(@Optional() protected readonly options?: ParseBoolPipeOptions) {
--- a/packages/common/pipes/parse-date.pipe.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/parse-date.pipe.ts
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ export interface ParseDatePipeOptions {
 }

@Injectable()
-export class ParseDatePipe
-  implements PipeTransform<string | number | undefined | null>
-{
+export class ParseDatePipe implements PipeTransform<
+  string | number | undefined | null
+> {
  protected exceptionFactory: (error: string) => any;

  constructor(private readonly options: ParseDatePipeOptions = {}) {
--- a/packages/common/pipes/validation.pipe.ts
+++ b/packages/common/pipes/validation.pipe.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ export interface ValidationPipeOptions extends ValidatorOptions {
 let classValidator: ValidatorPackage = {} as any;
 let classTransformer: TransformerPackage = {} as any;

+/**
+ * Built-in JavaScript types that should be excluded from prototype stripping
+ * to avoid conflicts with test frameworks like Jest's useFakeTimers
+ */
+const BUILT_IN_TYPES = [Date, RegExp, Error, Map, Set, WeakMap, WeakSet];
+
 /**
 * @see [Validation](https://docs.nestjs.com/techniques/validation)
 *
@@ -66,7 +72,7 @@ export class ValidationPipe implements PipeTransform<any> {
      ...validatorOptions
    } = options;

-    // @see https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/10683#issuecomment-1413690508
+    // @see [https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/10683#issuecomment-1413690508](https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/10683#issuecomment-1413690508)
    this.validatorOptions = { forbidUnknownValues: false, ...validatorOptions };

    this.isTransformEnabled = !!transform;
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@ export class ValidationPipe implements PipeTransform<any> {
    if (originalValue === undefined && originalEntity === '') {
      // Since SWC requires empty string for validation (to avoid an error),
      // a fallback is needed to revert to the original value (when undefined).
-      // @see https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/14430
+      // @see [https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/14430](https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/14430)
      return originalValue;
    }
    if (isPrimitive) {
@@ -241,7 +247,7 @@ export class ValidationPipe implements PipeTransform<any> {
    // SWC requires empty string to be returned instead of an empty object
    // when the value is nil and the metatype is not a class instance, but a plain object (enum, for example).
    // Otherwise, the error will be thrown.
-    // @see https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/12680
+    // @see [https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/12680](https://github.com/nestjs/nest/issues/12680)
    return '';
  }

@@ -253,13 +259,29 @@ export class ValidationPipe implements PipeTransform<any> {
    ) {
      return;
    }
+
+    // Skip built-in JavaScript primitives to avoid Jest useFakeTimers conflicts
+    if (BUILT_IN_TYPES.some(type => value instanceof type)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
      for (const v of value) {
        this.stripProtoKeys(v);
      }
      return;
    }
+
+    // Delete dangerous prototype pollution keys
    delete value.__proto__;
+    delete value.prototype;
+
+    // Only delete constructor if it's NOT a built-in type
+    const constructorType = value?.constructor;
+    if (constructorType && !BUILT_IN_TYPES.includes(constructorType)) {
+      delete value.constructor;
+    }
+
    for (const key in value) {
      this.stripProtoKeys(value[key]);
    }
--- a/packages/common/serializer/class-serializer.interceptor.ts
+++ b/packages/common/serializer/class-serializer.interceptor.ts
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ const REFLECTOR = 'Reflector';
 /**
 * @publicApi
 */
-export interface ClassSerializerInterceptorOptions
-  extends ClassTransformOptions {
+export interface ClassSerializerInterceptorOptions extends ClassTransformOptions {
  transformerPackage?: TransformerPackage;
 }

--- a/packages/common/services/console-logger.service.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/console-logger.service.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { inspect, InspectOptions } from 'util';
 import { Injectable, Optional } from '../decorators/core';
-import { clc, yellow } from '../utils/cli-colors.util';
+import { clc, yellow, isColorAllowed } from '../utils/cli-colors.util';
 import {
  isFunction,
  isPlainObject,
@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ import {
  isUndefined,
 } from '../utils/shared.utils';
 import { LoggerService, LogLevel } from './logger.service';
-import { isLogLevelEnabled } from './utils';
+import { isLogLevelEnabled } from './utils/is-log-level-enabled.util';

 const DEFAULT_DEPTH = 5;

+/**
+ * @publicApi
+ */
 export interface ConsoleLoggerOptions {
  /**
   * Enabled log levels.
@@ -40,6 +43,12 @@ export interface ConsoleLoggerOptions {
   * The context of the logger.
   */
  context?: string;
+  /**
+   * If enabled, will force the use of console.log/console.error instead of process.stdout/stderr.write.
+   * This is useful for test environments like Jest that can buffer console calls.
+   * @default false
+   */
+  forceConsole?: boolean;
  /**
   * If enabled, will print the log message in a single line, even if it is an object with multiple properties.
   * If set to a number, the most n inner elements are united on a single line as long as all properties fit into breakLength. Short array elements are also grouped together.
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ export interface ConsoleLoggerOptions {
   */
  sorted?: boolean | ((a: string, b: string) => number);
  /**
-   * Specifies the number of times to recurse while formatting object. T
+   * Specifies the number of times to recurse while formatting object.
   * This is useful for inspecting large objects. To recurse up to the maximum call stack size pass Infinity or null.
   * Ignored when `json` is enabled, colors are disabled, and `compact` is set to true as it produces a parseable JSON output.
   * @default 5
@@ -106,6 +115,9 @@ const dateTimeFormatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(undefined, {
  month: '2-digit',
 });

+/**
+ * @publicApi
+ */
@Injectable()
 export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
  /**
@@ -148,7 +160,7 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {

    opts = opts ?? {};
    opts.logLevels ??= DEFAULT_LOG_LEVELS;
-    opts.colors ??= opts.colors ?? (opts.json ? false : true);
+    opts.colors ??= opts.colors ?? (opts.json ? false : isColorAllowed());
    opts.prefix ??= 'Nest';

    this.options = opts;
@@ -328,7 +340,15 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
        timestampDiff,
      );

-      process[writeStreamType ?? 'stdout'].write(formattedMessage);
+      if (this.options.forceConsole) {
+        if (writeStreamType === 'stderr') {
+          console.error(formattedMessage.trim());
+        } else {
+          console.log(formattedMessage.trim());
+        }
+      } else {
+        process[writeStreamType ?? 'stdout'].write(formattedMessage);
+      }
    });
  }

@@ -340,6 +360,33 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
      writeStreamType?: 'stdout' | 'stderr';
      errorStack?: unknown;
    },
+  ) {
+    const logObject = this.getJsonLogObject(message, options);
+    const formattedMessage =
+      !this.options.colors && this.inspectOptions.compact === true
+        ? JSON.stringify(logObject, this.stringifyReplacer)
+        : inspect(logObject, this.inspectOptions);
+    if (this.options.forceConsole) {
+      if (options.writeStreamType === 'stderr') {
+        console.error(formattedMessage);
+      } else {
+        console.log(formattedMessage);
+      }
+    } else {
+      process[options.writeStreamType ?? 'stdout'].write(
+        `${formattedMessage}\n`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected getJsonLogObject(
+    message: unknown,
+    options: {
+      context: string;
+      logLevel: LogLevel;
+      writeStreamType?: 'stdout' | 'stderr';
+      errorStack?: unknown;
+    },
  ) {
    type JsonLogObject = {
      level: LogLevel;
@@ -364,12 +411,7 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
    if (options.errorStack) {
      logObject.stack = options.errorStack;
    }
-
-    const formattedMessage =
-      !this.options.colors && this.inspectOptions.compact === true
-        ? JSON.stringify(logObject, this.stringifyReplacer)
-        : inspect(logObject, this.inspectOptions);
-    process[options.writeStreamType ?? 'stdout'].write(`${formattedMessage}\n`);
+    return logObject;
  }

  protected formatPid(pid: number) {
@@ -437,7 +479,11 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
    if (!stack || this.options.json) {
      return;
    }
-    process.stderr.write(`${stack}\n`);
+    if (this.options.forceConsole) {
+      console.error(stack);
+    } else {
+      process.stderr.write(`${stack}\n`);
+    }
  }

  protected updateAndGetTimestampDiff(): string {
@@ -476,10 +522,10 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
      breakLength,
    };

-    if (this.options.maxArrayLength) {
+    if (typeof this.options.maxArrayLength !== 'undefined') {
      inspectOptions.maxArrayLength = this.options.maxArrayLength;
    }
-    if (this.options.maxStringLength) {
+    if (typeof this.options.maxStringLength !== 'undefined') {
      inspectOptions.maxStringLength = this.options.maxStringLength;
    }

@@ -528,10 +574,7 @@ export class ConsoleLogger implements LoggerService {
            stack: args[1] as string,
            context: this.context,
          }
-        : {
-            messages: [args[0]],
-            context: args[1] as string,
-          };
+        : { ...this.getContextAndMessagesToPrint(args) };
    }

    const { messages, context } = this.getContextAndMessagesToPrint(args);
--- a/packages/common/services/index.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/index.ts
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 export * from './console-logger.service';
 export * from './logger.service';
+export * from './utils/filter-log-levels.util';
--- a/packages/common/services/logger.service.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/logger.service.ts
@@ -3,10 +3,19 @@ import { isObject } from '../utils/shared.utils';
 import { ConsoleLogger } from './console-logger.service';
 import { isLogLevelEnabled } from './utils';

+export const LOG_LEVELS = [
+  'verbose',
+  'debug',
+  'log',
+  'warn',
+  'error',
+  'fatal',
+] as const satisfies string[];
+
 /**
 * @publicApi
 */
-export type LogLevel = 'log' | 'error' | 'warn' | 'debug' | 'verbose' | 'fatal';
+export type LogLevel = (typeof LOG_LEVELS)[number];

 /**
 * @publicApi
--- a/packages/common/services/utils/filter-log-levels.util.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/utils/filter-log-levels.util.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { LOG_LEVELS, LogLevel } from '../logger.service';
+import { isLogLevel } from './is-log-level.util';
+
+/**
+ * @publicApi
+ */
+export function filterLogLevels(parseableString = ''): LogLevel[] {
+  const sanitizedString = parseableString.replaceAll(' ', '').toLowerCase();
+
+  if (sanitizedString[0] === '>') {
+    const orEqual = sanitizedString[1] === '=';
+
+    const logLevelIndex = (LOG_LEVELS as string[]).indexOf(
+      sanitizedString.substring(orEqual ? 2 : 1),
+    );
+
+    if (logLevelIndex === -1) {
+      throw new Error(`parse error (unknown log level): ${sanitizedString}`);
+    }
+
+    return LOG_LEVELS.slice(orEqual ? logLevelIndex : logLevelIndex + 1);
+  } else if (sanitizedString.includes(',')) {
+    return sanitizedString.split(',').filter(isLogLevel);
+  }
+
+  return isLogLevel(sanitizedString) ? [sanitizedString] : LOG_LEVELS;
+}
--- a/packages/common/services/utils/index.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/utils/index.ts
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
+export * from './filter-log-levels.util';
 export * from './is-log-level-enabled.util';
+export * from './is-log-level.util';
--- a/packages/common/services/utils/is-log-level-enabled.util.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/utils/is-log-level-enabled.util.ts
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@ export function isLogLevelEnabled(
  if (logLevels.includes(targetLevel)) {
    return true;
  }
-  const highestLogLevelValue = logLevels
-    .map(level => LOG_LEVEL_VALUES[level])
-    .sort((a, b) => b - a)?.[0];
+
+  let highestLogLevelValue = -Infinity;
+  for (const level of logLevels) {
+    const v = LOG_LEVEL_VALUES[level];
+    if (v > highestLogLevelValue) highestLogLevelValue = v;
+  }

  const targetLevelValue = LOG_LEVEL_VALUES[targetLevel];
  return targetLevelValue >= highestLogLevelValue;
--- a/packages/common/services/utils/is-log-level.util.ts
+++ b/packages/common/services/utils/is-log-level.util.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { LOG_LEVELS, LogLevel } from '../logger.service';
+
+/**
+ * @publicApi
+ */
+export function isLogLevel(maybeLogLevel: any): maybeLogLevel is LogLevel {
+  return LOG_LEVELS.includes(maybeLogLevel);
+}
--- a/packages/common/test/decorators/sse.decorator.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/decorators/sse.decorator.spec.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ describe('@Sse', () => {
  class Test {
    @Sse(prefix)
    public static test() {}
+
+    @Sse(prefix, { method: RequestMethod.POST })
+    public static testUsingOptions() {}
  }

  it('should enhance method with expected http status code', () => {
@@ -20,4 +23,14 @@ describe('@Sse', () => {
    const metadata = Reflect.getMetadata(SSE_METADATA, Test.test);
    expect(metadata).to.be.eql(true);
  });
+  it('should enhance method with expected http status code and method from options', () => {
+    const path = Reflect.getMetadata(PATH_METADATA, Test.testUsingOptions);
+    expect(path).to.be.eql('/prefix');
+
+    const method = Reflect.getMetadata(METHOD_METADATA, Test.testUsingOptions);
+    expect(method).to.be.eql(RequestMethod.POST);
+
+    const metadata = Reflect.getMetadata(SSE_METADATA, Test.testUsingOptions);
+    expect(metadata).to.be.eql(true);
+  });
 });
--- a/packages/common/test/exceptions/http.exception.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/exceptions/http.exception.spec.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/restrict-template-expressions */
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { Type } from '../../../common';
 import {
--- a/packages/common/test/file-stream/streamable-file.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/file-stream/streamable-file.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { expect } from 'chai';
+import * as sinon from 'sinon';
 import { Readable } from 'stream';
 import { StreamableFile } from '../../file-stream';
+import { HttpStatus } from '../../enums';

 describe('StreamableFile', () => {
  describe('when input is a readable stream', () => {
@@ -17,6 +19,13 @@ describe('StreamableFile', () => {
      expect(streamableFile.getStream()).to.equal(stream);
    });
  });
+  describe('when input is neither Uint8Array nor has pipe method', () => {
+    it('should not set stream property', () => {
+      const invalidInput = { notPipe: true };
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(invalidInput as any);
+      expect(streamableFile.getStream()).to.be.undefined;
+    });
+  });
  describe('when options is empty', () => {
    it('should return application/octet-stream for type and undefined for others', () => {
      const stream = new Readable();
@@ -61,4 +70,135 @@ describe('StreamableFile', () => {
      });
    });
  });
+
+  describe('errorHandler', () => {
+    it('should return the default error handler', () => {
+      const stream = new Readable();
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+      expect(streamableFile.errorHandler).to.be.a('function');
+    });
+
+    describe('default error handler behavior', () => {
+      it('should do nothing when response is destroyed', () => {
+        const stream = new Readable();
+        const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+        const res = {
+          destroyed: true,
+          headersSent: false,
+          statusCode: 200,
+          end: sinon.spy(),
+          send: sinon.spy(),
+        };
+
+        streamableFile.errorHandler(new Error('test error'), res as any);
+
+        expect(res.end.called).to.be.false;
+        expect(res.send.called).to.be.false;
+      });
+
+      it('should call res.end() when headers are already sent', () => {
+        const stream = new Readable();
+        const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+        const res = {
+          destroyed: false,
+          headersSent: true,
+          statusCode: 200,
+          end: sinon.spy(),
+          send: sinon.spy(),
+        };
+
+        streamableFile.errorHandler(new Error('test error'), res as any);
+
+        expect(res.end.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+        expect(res.send.called).to.be.false;
+      });
+
+      it('should set status code to BAD_REQUEST and send error message', () => {
+        const stream = new Readable();
+        const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+        const res = {
+          destroyed: false,
+          headersSent: false,
+          statusCode: 200,
+          end: sinon.spy(),
+          send: sinon.spy(),
+        };
+        const error = new Error('test error message');
+
+        streamableFile.errorHandler(error, res as any);
+
+        expect(res.statusCode).to.equal(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
+        expect(res.send.calledOnceWith('test error message')).to.be.true;
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setErrorHandler', () => {
+    it('should set a custom error handler', () => {
+      const stream = new Readable();
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+      const customHandler = sinon.spy();
+
+      streamableFile.setErrorHandler(customHandler);
+
+      expect(streamableFile.errorHandler).to.equal(customHandler);
+    });
+
+    it('should return the instance for chaining', () => {
+      const stream = new Readable();
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+      const customHandler = sinon.spy();
+
+      const result = streamableFile.setErrorHandler(customHandler);
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(streamableFile);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('errorLogger', () => {
+    it('should return the default error logger', () => {
+      const stream = new Readable();
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+      expect(streamableFile.errorLogger).to.be.a('function');
+    });
+
+    describe('default error logger behavior', () => {
+      it('should call logger.error with the error', () => {
+        const stream = new Readable();
+        const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+        const loggerErrorStub = sinon.stub(
+          (streamableFile as any).logger,
+          'error',
+        );
+        const error = new Error('test error');
+
+        streamableFile.errorLogger(error);
+
+        expect(loggerErrorStub.calledOnceWith(error)).to.be.true;
+        loggerErrorStub.restore();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setErrorLogger', () => {
+    it('should set a custom error logger', () => {
+      const stream = new Readable();
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+      const customLogger = sinon.spy();
+
+      streamableFile.setErrorLogger(customLogger);
+
+      expect(streamableFile.errorLogger).to.equal(customLogger);
+    });
+
+    it('should return the instance for chaining', () => {
+      const stream = new Readable();
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(stream);
+      const customLogger = sinon.spy();
+
+      const result = streamableFile.setErrorLogger(customLogger);
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(streamableFile);
+    });
+  });
 });
--- a/packages/common/test/module-utils/configurable-module.builder.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/module-utils/configurable-module.builder.spec.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,34 @@ describe('ConfigurableModuleBuilder', () => {
        global: true,
      });
    });
+
+    it('should preserve extras in registerAsync transformation', () => {
+      let capturedExtras: any;
+
+      const { ConfigurableModuleClass } = new ConfigurableModuleBuilder()
+        .setExtras(
+          { folder: 'default' },
+          (definition, extras: { folder: string }) => {
+            capturedExtras = extras;
+            return {
+              ...definition,
+              customProperty: `folder: ${extras.folder}`,
+            };
+          },
+        )
+        .build();
+
+      const asyncResult = ConfigurableModuleClass.registerAsync({
+        useFactory: () => ({}),
+        folder: 'forRootAsync',
+      });
+
+      expect(capturedExtras).to.deep.equal({ folder: 'forRootAsync' });
+      expect(asyncResult).to.have.property(
+        'customProperty',
+        'folder: forRootAsync',
+      );
+    });
  });
  describe('setClassMethodName', () => {
    it('should set static class method name and return typed builder', () => {
--- a/packages/common/test/pipes/file/file-type.validator.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/pipes/file/file-type.validator.spec.ts
@@ -2,22 +2,42 @@ import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { IFile } from '../../../../common/pipes/file/interfaces';
 import { FileTypeValidator } from '../../../pipes';

+const pngBuffer = Buffer.from([
+  0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x49,
+  0x48, 0x44, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x08, 0x06,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x15, 0xc4, 0x89, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x44,
+  0x41, 0x54, 0x78, 0x9c, 0x63, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0d,
+  0x0a, 0x2d, 0xb4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x44, 0xae, 0x42,
+  0x60, 0x82,
+]);
+
+const jpegBuffer = Buffer.from([
+  0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x49, 0x46,
+]);
+
 describe('FileTypeValidator', () => {
  describe('isValid', () => {
-    it('should return true when the file buffer matches the specified type', async () => {
-      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
-        fileType: 'image/jpeg',
+    describe('support file types', () => {
+      async function testFileByMimeType(mimeType, fileData) {
+        const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+          fileType: mimeType,
+        });
+
+        const requestFile = {
+          mimetype: mimeType,
+          buffer: fileData,
+        } as IFile;
+
+        expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(true);
+      }
+
+      it('should be able to validate a JPEG file', () => {
+        return testFileByMimeType('image/jpeg', jpegBuffer);
      });

-      const jpegBuffer = Buffer.from([
-        0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x49, 0x46,
-      ]);
-      const requestFile = {
-        mimetype: 'image/jpeg',
-        buffer: jpegBuffer,
-      } as IFile;
-
-      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(true);
+      it('should be able to validate a PNG file', () => {
+        return testFileByMimeType('image/png', pngBuffer);
+      });
    });

    it('should return true when the file buffer matches the specified file extension', async () => {
@@ -25,9 +45,6 @@ describe('FileTypeValidator', () => {
        fileType: 'jpeg',
      });

-      const jpegBuffer = Buffer.from([
-        0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x49, 0x46,
-      ]);
      const requestFile = {
        mimetype: 'image/jpeg',
        buffer: jpegBuffer,
@@ -186,6 +203,62 @@ describe('FileTypeValidator', () => {

      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(false);
    });
+
+    it('should return true when fallbackToMimetype is enabled and mimetype matches', async () => {
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: 'text/plain',
+        fallbackToMimetype: true,
+      });
+
+      const shortText = Buffer.from('ok');
+      const requestFile = {
+        mimetype: 'text/plain',
+        buffer: shortText,
+      } as IFile;
+
+      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when fallbackToMimetype is enabled but mimetype does not match', async () => {
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: 'application/json',
+        fallbackToMimetype: true,
+      });
+
+      const shortText = Buffer.from('ok');
+      const requestFile = {
+        mimetype: 'text/plain',
+        buffer: shortText,
+      } as IFile;
+
+      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when no buffer is provided but fallbackToMimetype is enabled and mimetype matches', async () => {
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: 'image/jpeg',
+        fallbackToMimetype: true,
+      });
+
+      const requestFile = {
+        mimetype: 'image/jpeg', // matches
+      } as IFile;
+
+      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when no buffer is provided and fallbackToMimetype is enabled but mimetype does not match', async () => {
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: 'image/jpeg',
+        fallbackToMimetype: true,
+      });
+
+      const requestFile = {
+        mimetype: 'image/png',
+      } as IFile;
+
+      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(false);
+    });
  });

  describe('buildErrorMessage', () => {
@@ -235,5 +308,65 @@ describe('FileTypeValidator', () => {
        'Validation failed (current file type is image/png, expected type is jpeg)',
      );
    });
+
+    it('should return false for text file with small buffer and correct mimetype but fail magic number validation', async () => {
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: 'text/plain',
+      });
+
+      const textBuffer = Buffer.from('hi'); // too short to identify
+      const requestFile = {
+        mimetype: 'text/plain',
+        buffer: textBuffer,
+      } as IFile;
+
+      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should fail validation for text/csv when magic number detection is enabled', async () => {
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: 'text/csv',
+        skipMagicNumbersValidation: false,
+      });
+
+      const csvFile = Buffer.from('name,age\nJohn,30');
+      const requestFile = {
+        mimetype: 'text/csv',
+        buffer: csvFile,
+      } as IFile;
+
+      expect(await fileTypeValidator.isValid(requestFile)).to.equal(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return a static custom error message when the file type does not match', async () => {
+      const expectedFileType = 'image/png';
+      const actualFileType = 'text/csv';
+
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: expectedFileType,
+        errorMessage: 'invalid type',
+      });
+      const requestFile = { mimetype: actualFileType } as IFile;
+
+      expect(fileTypeValidator.buildErrorMessage(requestFile)).to.equal(
+        'invalid type',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return a dynamic custom error message based on context when the file type does not match', async () => {
+      const expectedFileType = 'image/png';
+      const actualFileType = 'text/csv';
+
+      const fileTypeValidator = new FileTypeValidator({
+        fileType: expectedFileType,
+        errorMessage: ctx =>
+          `Received file type '${ctx.file?.mimetype}', but expected '${ctx.config.fileType}'.`,
+      });
+      const requestFile = { mimetype: actualFileType } as IFile;
+
+      expect(fileTypeValidator.buildErrorMessage(requestFile)).to.equal(
+        `Received file type '${actualFileType}', but expected '${expectedFileType}'.`,
+      );
+    });
  });
 });
--- a/packages/common/test/pipes/file/max-file-size.validator.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/pipes/file/max-file-size.validator.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { expect } from 'chai';
 import { MaxFileSizeValidator } from '../../../pipes';
+import { IFile } from '@nestjs/common/pipes/file/interfaces';

 describe('MaxFileSizeValidator', () => {
  const oneKb = 1024;
@@ -73,5 +74,45 @@ describe('MaxFileSizeValidator', () => {
        `Validation failed (current file size is ${currentFileSize}, expected size is less than ${oneKb})`,
      );
    });
+
+    it('should support deprecated message option', async () => {
+      const currentFileSize = oneKb + 1;
+      const maxFileSizeValidator = new MaxFileSizeValidator({
+        maxSize: oneKb,
+        message: 'File size exceeds the limit',
+      });
+      const requestFile = { size: currentFileSize } as IFile;
+
+      expect(maxFileSizeValidator.buildErrorMessage(requestFile)).to.equal(
+        'File size exceeds the limit',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return a static custom error message when the file size exceeds the limit', async () => {
+      const currentFileSize = oneKb + 1;
+      const maxFileSizeValidator = new MaxFileSizeValidator({
+        maxSize: oneKb,
+        errorMessage: 'File size exceeds the limit',
+      });
+      const requestFile = { size: currentFileSize } as IFile;
+
+      expect(maxFileSizeValidator.buildErrorMessage(requestFile)).to.equal(
+        'File size exceeds the limit',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return a dynamic custom error message based on context when the file size exceeds the limit', async () => {
+      const currentFileSize = oneKb + 1;
+      const maxFileSizeValidator = new MaxFileSizeValidator({
+        maxSize: oneKb,
+        errorMessage: ctx =>
+          `Received file size is ${ctx.file?.size}, but it must be smaller than ${ctx.config.maxSize}.`,
+      });
+      const requestFile = { size: currentFileSize } as IFile;
+
+      expect(maxFileSizeValidator.buildErrorMessage(requestFile)).to.equal(
+        `Received file size is ${currentFileSize}, but it must be smaller than ${oneKb}.`,
+      );
+    });
  });
 });
--- a/packages/common/test/pipes/validation.pipe.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/pipes/validation.pipe.spec.ts
@@ -609,4 +609,133 @@ describe('ValidationPipe', () => {
      expect(await target.transform(testObj, m)).to.deep.equal(testObj);
    });
  });
+  describe('stripProtoKeys', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      target = new ValidationPipe();
+    });
+
+    describe('with built-in JavaScript primitives', () => {
+      it('should not throw error when processing Date objects', () => {
+        const value = { date: new Date() };
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+
+      it('should not throw error when processing RegExp objects', () => {
+        const value = { regex: /test/i };
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+
+      it('should not throw error when processing Error objects', () => {
+        const value = { error: new Error('test') };
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+
+      it('should not throw error when processing Map objects', () => {
+        const value = { map: new Map() };
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+
+      it('should not throw error when processing Set objects', () => {
+        const value = { set: new Set() };
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+
+      it('should preserve Date object properties', () => {
+        const date = new Date();
+        const value = { date };
+        target['stripProtoKeys'](value);
+        expect(value.date).to.equal(date);
+        expect(value.date.constructor).to.equal(Date);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with plain objects', () => {
+      it('should still strip constructor from regular objects', () => {
+        const value = { nested: { constructor: 'malicious' } };
+        target['stripProtoKeys'](value);
+        // Check if 'constructor' is NOT an own property
+        expect(value.nested).to.not.have.ownProperty('constructor');
+      });
+
+      it('should strip __proto__ from objects', () => {
+        const value = { __proto__: { malicious: 'code' } };
+        target['stripProtoKeys'](value);
+        expect(value).to.not.have.ownProperty('__proto__');
+      });
+
+      it('should strip prototype from objects', () => {
+        const value = { prototype: { malicious: 'code' } };
+        target['stripProtoKeys'](value);
+        expect(value).to.not.have.ownProperty('prototype');
+      });
+
+      it('should recursively strip nested objects', () => {
+        const value = {
+          level1: {
+            constructor: 'malicious',
+            level2: {
+              constructor: 'alsoMalicious',
+            },
+          },
+        };
+        target['stripProtoKeys'](value);
+        expect(value.level1).to.not.have.ownProperty('constructor');
+        expect(value.level1.level2).to.not.have.ownProperty('constructor');
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('with arrays', () => {
+      it('should process arrays recursively', () => {
+        const value = {
+          items: [
+            { constructor: 'malicious' },
+            { constructor: 'alsoMalicious' },
+          ],
+        };
+        target['stripProtoKeys'](value);
+        expect(value.items[0]).to.not.have.ownProperty('constructor');
+        expect(value.items[1]).to.not.have.ownProperty('constructor');
+      });
+
+      it('should not throw error when array contains Date objects', () => {
+        const value = { dates: [new Date(), new Date()] };
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('Issue #16195: Jest useFakeTimers compatibility', () => {
+      beforeEach(() => {
+        target = new ValidationPipe();
+      });
+
+      it('should handle Date objects with non-configurable constructor', () => {
+        const value = { date: new Date() };
+
+        // Make constructor non-configurable like Jest does
+        Object.defineProperty(value.date, 'constructor', {
+          value: Date,
+          writable: false,
+          enumerable: false,
+          configurable: false,
+        });
+
+        // This should NOT throw "Cannot delete property 'constructor'"
+        expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](value)).to.not.throw();
+      });
+
+      it('should not attempt to delete constructor from built-in types', () => {
+        const testCases = [
+          { date: new Date() },
+          { regex: /test/i },
+          { error: new Error('test') },
+          { map: new Map() },
+          { set: new Set() },
+        ];
+
+        testCases.forEach(testCase => {
+          expect(() => target['stripProtoKeys'](testCase)).to.not.throw();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
 });
--- a/packages/common/test/serializer/class-serializer.interceptor.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/common/test/serializer/class-serializer.interceptor.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import * as sinon from 'sinon';
+import { of, throwError } from 'rxjs';
+import { ClassSerializerInterceptor } from '../../serializer/class-serializer.interceptor';
+import { ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '../../interfaces';
+import { StreamableFile } from '../../file-stream';
+
+describe('ClassSerializerInterceptor', () => {
+  let interceptor: ClassSerializerInterceptor;
+  let mockReflector: any;
+  let mockTransformerPackage: any;
+  let sandbox: sinon.SinonSandbox;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
+    mockReflector = {
+      getAllAndOverride: sandbox.stub(),
+    };
+    mockTransformerPackage = {
+      classToPlain: sandbox.stub(),
+      plainToInstance: sandbox.stub(),
+    };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sandbox.restore();
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should create interceptor with default transformer package', () => {
+      // This would normally load 'class-transformer' package
+      // For testing, we pass a mock transformer package
+      const options = {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+      };
+
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, options);
+
+      expect(interceptor).to.be.instanceOf(ClassSerializerInterceptor);
+    });
+
+    it('should use provided transformer package from options', () => {
+      const customTransformer = {
+        classToPlain: sandbox.stub(),
+        plainToInstance: sandbox.stub(),
+      };
+
+      const options = {
+        transformerPackage: customTransformer,
+      };
+
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, options);
+
+      expect(interceptor).to.be.instanceOf(ClassSerializerInterceptor);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('intercept', () => {
+    let mockExecutionContext: ExecutionContext;
+    let mockCallHandler: CallHandler;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+      });
+
+      mockExecutionContext = {
+        getHandler: sandbox.stub(),
+        getClass: sandbox.stub(),
+      } as any;
+
+      mockCallHandler = {
+        handle: sandbox.stub(),
+      } as any;
+    });
+
+    it('should transform plain object response', done => {
+      const response = { id: 1, name: 'Test' };
+      const transformedResponse = { id: 1, name: 'Test' };
+
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(undefined);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(transformedResponse);
+      (mockCallHandler.handle as sinon.SinonStub).returns(of(response));
+
+      interceptor
+        .intercept(mockExecutionContext, mockCallHandler)
+        .subscribe(result => {
+          expect(result).to.equal(transformedResponse);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('should transform array of objects', done => {
+      const response = [
+        { id: 1, name: 'Test1' },
+        { id: 2, name: 'Test2' },
+      ];
+      const transformedItem1 = { id: 1, name: 'Test1' };
+      const transformedItem2 = { id: 2, name: 'Test2' };
+
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(undefined);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain
+        .onFirstCall()
+        .returns(transformedItem1);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain
+        .onSecondCall()
+        .returns(transformedItem2);
+      (mockCallHandler.handle as sinon.SinonStub).returns(of(response));
+
+      interceptor
+        .intercept(mockExecutionContext, mockCallHandler)
+        .subscribe(result => {
+          expect(result).to.be.an('array').with.lengthOf(2);
+          expect(result[0]).to.equal(transformedItem1);
+          expect(result[1]).to.equal(transformedItem2);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('should merge context options with default options', done => {
+      const response = { id: 1, name: 'Test' };
+      const defaultOptions = { excludeExtraneousValues: true };
+      const contextOptions = { groups: ['user'] };
+      const transformedResponse = { id: 1 };
+
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+        ...defaultOptions,
+      });
+
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(contextOptions);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(transformedResponse);
+      (mockCallHandler.handle as sinon.SinonStub).returns(of(response));
+
+      interceptor
+        .intercept(mockExecutionContext, mockCallHandler)
+        .subscribe(result => {
+          const callArgs = mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.getCall(0).args;
+          expect(callArgs[1]).to.deep.include(defaultOptions);
+          expect(callArgs[1]).to.deep.include(contextOptions);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('should call reflector with handler and class', done => {
+      const response = { id: 1 };
+      const mockHandler = {};
+      const mockClass = {};
+
+      (mockExecutionContext.getHandler as sinon.SinonStub).returns(mockHandler);
+      (mockExecutionContext.getClass as sinon.SinonStub).returns(mockClass);
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(undefined);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(response);
+      (mockCallHandler.handle as sinon.SinonStub).returns(of(response));
+
+      interceptor
+        .intercept(mockExecutionContext, mockCallHandler)
+        .subscribe(() => {
+          expect(mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+          const args = mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.getCall(0).args;
+          expect(args[1]).to.deep.equal([mockHandler, mockClass]);
+          done();
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('serialize', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should return primitive values unchanged', () => {
+      expect(interceptor.serialize('string' as any, {})).to.equal('string');
+      expect(interceptor.serialize(123 as any, {})).to.equal(123);
+      expect(interceptor.serialize(true as any, {})).to.equal(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return null unchanged', () => {
+      expect(interceptor.serialize(null as any, {})).to.be.null;
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined unchanged', () => {
+      expect(interceptor.serialize(undefined as any, {})).to.be.undefined;
+    });
+
+    it('should return StreamableFile unchanged', () => {
+      const streamableFile = new StreamableFile(Buffer.from('test'));
+      const result = interceptor.serialize(streamableFile as any, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(streamableFile);
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+    it('should transform plain object', () => {
+      const input = { id: 1, name: 'Test' };
+      const output = { id: 1 };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(output);
+
+      const result = interceptor.serialize(input, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(output);
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+    it('should transform array of objects', () => {
+      const input = [{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }];
+      const output1 = { id: 1 };
+      const output2 = { id: 2 };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.onFirstCall().returns(output1);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.onSecondCall().returns(output2);
+
+      const result = interceptor.serialize(input, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.be.an('array').with.lengthOf(2);
+      expect(result[0]).to.equal(output1);
+      expect(result[1]).to.equal(output2);
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledTwice).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty array', () => {
+      const input: any[] = [];
+
+      const result = interceptor.serialize(input, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.be.an('array').that.is.empty;
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('transformToPlain', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should return falsy values unchanged', () => {
+      expect(interceptor.transformToPlain(null, {})).to.be.null;
+      expect(interceptor.transformToPlain(undefined, {})).to.be.undefined;
+      expect(interceptor.transformToPlain(0 as any, {})).to.equal(0);
+      expect(interceptor.transformToPlain(false as any, {})).to.be.false;
+      expect(interceptor.transformToPlain('' as any, {})).to.equal('');
+    });
+
+    it('should use classToPlain when no type option provided', () => {
+      const input = { id: 1, name: 'Test' };
+      const output = { id: 1 };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(output);
+
+      const result = interceptor.transformToPlain(input, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(output);
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledOnceWith(input, {})).to
+        .be.true;
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.plainToInstance.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+    it('should use classToPlain when input is instance of options.type', () => {
+      class UserDto {
+        id: number;
+        name: string;
+      }
+
+      const input = new UserDto();
+      input.id = 1;
+      input.name = 'Test';
+
+      const output = { id: 1 };
+      const options = { type: UserDto };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(output);
+
+      const result = interceptor.transformToPlain(input, options);
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(output);
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.plainToInstance.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+    it('should convert plain to instance then to plain when type provided but not matching', () => {
+      class UserDto {
+        id: number;
+      }
+
+      const plainInput = { id: 1, name: 'Test', password: 'secret' };
+      const instanceOutput = new UserDto();
+      instanceOutput.id = 1;
+
+      const finalOutput = { id: 1 };
+      const options = { type: UserDto };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.plainToInstance.returns(instanceOutput);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(finalOutput);
+
+      const result = interceptor.transformToPlain(plainInput, options);
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(finalOutput);
+      expect(
+        mockTransformerPackage.plainToInstance.calledOnceWith(
+          UserDto,
+          plainInput,
+          options,
+        ),
+      ).to.be.true;
+      expect(
+        mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledOnceWith(
+          instanceOutput,
+          options,
+        ),
+      ).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+    it('should handle complex nested objects', () => {
+      const input = {
+        user: { id: 1, name: 'Test' },
+        posts: [{ id: 1, title: 'Post 1' }],
+      };
+      const output = {
+        user: { id: 1 },
+        posts: [{ id: 1 }],
+      };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(output);
+
+      const result = interceptor.transformToPlain(input, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(output);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getContextOptions', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should call reflector getAllAndOverride with correct arguments', () => {
+      const mockHandler = {};
+      const mockClass = {};
+      const mockContext = {
+        getHandler: sandbox.stub().returns(mockHandler),
+        getClass: sandbox.stub().returns(mockClass),
+      } as any;
+
+      const expectedOptions = { groups: ['admin'] };
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(expectedOptions);
+
+      const result = (interceptor as any).getContextOptions(mockContext);
+
+      expect(mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+      const callArgs = mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.getCall(0).args;
+      expect(callArgs[1]).to.deep.equal([mockHandler, mockClass]);
+      expect(result).to.equal(expectedOptions);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when no metadata exists', () => {
+      const mockContext = {
+        getHandler: sandbox.stub().returns({}),
+        getClass: sandbox.stub().returns({}),
+      } as any;
+
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(undefined);
+
+      const result = (interceptor as any).getContextOptions(mockContext);
+
+      expect(result).to.be.undefined;
+    });
+
+    it('should respect handler metadata over class metadata', () => {
+      const mockHandler = {};
+      const mockClass = {};
+      const mockContext = {
+        getHandler: sandbox.stub().returns(mockHandler),
+        getClass: sandbox.stub().returns(mockClass),
+      } as any;
+
+      // getAllAndOverride should merge with handler taking precedence
+      const handlerOptions = {
+        groups: ['user'],
+        excludeExtraneousValues: true,
+      };
+      mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.returns(handlerOptions);
+
+      const result = (interceptor as any).getContextOptions(mockContext);
+
+      expect(result).to.deep.equal(handlerOptions);
+      // Verify it's checking handler first, then class
+      const callArgs = mockReflector.getAllAndOverride.getCall(0).args;
+      expect(callArgs[1][0]).to.equal(mockHandler);
+      expect(callArgs[1][1]).to.equal(mockClass);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('edge cases and error handling', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      interceptor = new ClassSerializerInterceptor(mockReflector, {
+        transformerPackage: mockTransformerPackage,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle array with mixed types', () => {
+      const input = [
+        { id: 1, name: 'Test' },
+        null,
+        undefined,
+        { id: 2, name: 'Test2' },
+      ];
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain
+        .onCall(0)
+        .returns({ id: 1, name: 'Test' });
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.onCall(1).returns(null);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.onCall(2).returns(undefined);
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain
+        .onCall(3)
+        .returns({ id: 2, name: 'Test2' });
+
+      const result = interceptor.serialize(input, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.be.an('array').with.lengthOf(4);
+      expect(result[1]).to.be.null;
+      expect(result[2]).to.be.undefined;
+    });
+
+    it('should not transform when response is not an object', () => {
+      const input = 'plain string';
+
+      const result = interceptor.serialize(input as any, {});
+
+      expect(result).to.equal(input);
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.called).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+    it('should handle Date objects', () => {
+      const date = new Date();
+      const output = { date: date.toISOString() };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns(output);
+
+      const result = interceptor.serialize({ date } as any, {});
+
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+    it('should pass through options to transformer', () => {
+      const input = { id: 1, name: 'Test', password: 'secret' };
+      const options = {
+        excludeExtraneousValues: true,
+        groups: ['public'],
+        strategy: 'excludeAll',
+      };
+
+      mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.returns({ id: 1, name: 'Test' });
+
+      interceptor.transformToPlain(input, options as any);
+
+      expect(mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+      const callArgs = mockTransformerPackage.classToPlain.getCall(0).args;
+      expect(callArgs[1]).to.deep.include(options);
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`{"version":3,"file":"app.controller.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/app.controller.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;AAAA,2CAAiD;AAGjD,IAAa,aAAa,GAA1B,MAAa,aAAa;IAExB,IAAI;QACF,OAAO,cAAc,CAAA;IACvB,CAAC;CACF,CAAA;AAHC;IADC,YAAG,EAAE;;;;yCAGL;AAJU,aAAa;IADzB,mBAAU,EAAE;GACA,aAAa,CAKzB;AALY,sCAAa"}`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`{"version":3,"file":"app.module.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/app.module.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAAA,2CAAwC;AACxC,qDAAiD;AAMjD,IAAa,SAAS,GAAtB,MAAa,SAAS;CAAG,CAAA;AAAZ,SAAS;IAJrB,eAAM,CAAC;QACN,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE;QACX,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC,8BAAa,CAAC;KAC7B,CAAC;GACW,SAAS,CAAG;AAAZ,8BAAS"}`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`{"version":3,"file":"main.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/main.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";;AAAA,uCAA2C;AAC3C,6CAAyC;AAEzC,KAAK,UAAU,SAAS;IACtB,MAAM,GAAG,GAAG,MAAM,kBAAW,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,sBAAS,CAAC,CAAC;IAChD,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;AACzB,CAAC;AACD,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC"}`