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130 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: page
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title: Debugging bei Express
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description: Learn how to enable and use debugging logs in Express.js applications by setting the DEBUG environment variable for enhanced troubleshooting.
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menu: guide
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redirect_from: " "
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---
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# Debugging bei Express
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Wenn Sie alle in Express verwendeten internen Protokolle anzeigen wollen, legen Sie beim Starten Ihrer Anwendung die Umgebungsvariable `DEBUG` auf `express:*` fest.
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```bash
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$ DEBUG=express:* node index.js
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```
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Verwenden Sie unter Windows den entsprechenden Befehl.
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```bash
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> $env:DEBUG = "express:*"; node index.js
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```
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Die Ausführung dieses Befehls für die durch [express generator](/{{ page.lang }}/starter/generator.html) generierte Standardanwendung resultiert in folgender Ausgabe:
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```bash
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$ DEBUG=express:* node ./bin/www
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express:router:route new / +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +1ms
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express:router:route get / +1ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router:route new / +1ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router:route get / +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:application compile etag weak +1ms
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express:application compile query parser extended +0ms
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express:application compile trust proxy false +0ms
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express:application booting in development mode +1ms
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express:router use / query +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / expressInit +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / favicon +1ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / logger +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / jsonParser +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +1ms
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express:router use / urlencodedParser +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / cookieParser +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / stylus +90ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / serveStatic +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / router +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +1ms
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express:router use /users router +0ms
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express:router:layer new /users +0ms
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express:router use / <anonymous> +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / <anonymous> +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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express:router use / <anonymous> +0ms
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express:router:layer new / +0ms
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```
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Bei einer Anforderung an die Anwendung sind die Protokolle im Express-Code angegeben:
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```bash
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express:router dispatching GET / +4h
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express:router query : / +2ms
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express:router expressInit : / +0ms
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express:router favicon : / +0ms
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express:router logger : / +1ms
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express:router jsonParser : / +0ms
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express:router urlencodedParser : / +1ms
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express:router cookieParser : / +0ms
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express:router stylus : / +0ms
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express:router serveStatic : / +2ms
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express:router router : / +2ms
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express:router dispatching GET / +1ms
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express:view lookup "index.pug" +338ms
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express:view stat "/projects/example/views/index.pug" +0ms
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express:view render "/projects/example/views/index.pug" +1ms
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```
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Wenn Sie nur die Protokolle von der Routerimplementierung sehen wollen, legen Sie den Wert für `DEBUG` auf `express:router` fest. Gleichermaßen gilt: Wenn Sie nur die Protokolle von der Anwendungsimplementierung sehen wollen, legen Sie den Wert für `DEBUG` auf `express:application` fest, usw.
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## Von `express` generierte Anwendungen
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An application generated by the `express` command uses the `debug` module and its debug namespace is scoped to the name of the application.
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Beispiel: Wenn Sie die Anwendung mit `$ express sample-app` generiert haben, können Sie die Debuganweisungen mit dem folgenden Befehl aktivieren:
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```bash
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$ DEBUG=sample-app:* node ./bin/www
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```
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Sie können mehrere Debug-Namespaces in einer durch Kommas getrennten Namensliste angeben:
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```bash
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$ DEBUG=http,mail,express:* node index.js
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```
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## Advanced options
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When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will change the behavior of the debug logging:
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| Name | Purpose |
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| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `DEBUG` | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
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| `DEBUG_COLORS` | Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
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| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth. |
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| `DEBUG_FD` | File descriptor to write debug output to. |
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| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
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{% capture debug-text %}
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The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
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converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
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See the Node.js documentation for
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[`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
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for the complete list.
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{% endcapture %}
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{% include admonitions/note.html content=debug-text %}
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