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Since v5 relies on node >= 18, this is now possible (since v16, v14.18.0 [^1][^2]). It's functionally irrelevant: 1. It's not required for CJS nor ESM (with a few exceptions [^3]) 2. It has no performance promises However, there are upsides to this approach: 1. It brings clear boundaries to what's a built-in and what's an external dependency 2. It reduces the risk of importing unwanted deps where a built-in is expected 3. It's slightly more interoperable with other JS runtimes that provide node compatibility[^4], albeit only during development. Once imported from npm, built-ins are assumed. [^1]:https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/modules.html#built-in-modules [^2]:https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37246 [^3]:https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#built-in-modules-with-mandatory-node-prefix [^4]:https://docs.deno.com/runtime/fundamentals/node/#using-node's-built-in-modules
104 lines
2.6 KiB
JavaScript
104 lines
2.6 KiB
JavaScript
'use strict'
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/**
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* Module dependencies.
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*/
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var express = require('../../');
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var path = require('node:path');
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var app = module.exports = express();
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var logger = require('morgan');
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var silent = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test'
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// general config
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app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
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app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
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// our custom "verbose errors" setting
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// which we can use in the templates
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// via settings['verbose errors']
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app.enable('verbose errors');
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// disable them in production
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// use $ NODE_ENV=production node examples/error-pages
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if (app.settings.env === 'production') app.disable('verbose errors')
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silent || app.use(logger('dev'));
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// Routes
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app.get('/', function(req, res){
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res.render('index.ejs');
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});
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app.get('/404', function(req, res, next){
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// trigger a 404 since no other middleware
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// will match /404 after this one, and we're not
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// responding here
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next();
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});
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app.get('/403', function(req, res, next){
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// trigger a 403 error
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var err = new Error('not allowed!');
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err.status = 403;
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next(err);
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});
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app.get('/500', function(req, res, next){
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// trigger a generic (500) error
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next(new Error('keyboard cat!'));
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});
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// Error handlers
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// Since this is the last non-error-handling
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// middleware use()d, we assume 404, as nothing else
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// responded.
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// $ curl http://localhost:3000/notfound
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// $ curl http://localhost:3000/notfound -H "Accept: application/json"
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// $ curl http://localhost:3000/notfound -H "Accept: text/plain"
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app.use(function(req, res, next){
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res.status(404);
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res.format({
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html: function () {
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res.render('404', { url: req.url })
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},
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json: function () {
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res.json({ error: 'Not found' })
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},
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default: function () {
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res.type('txt').send('Not found')
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}
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})
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});
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// error-handling middleware, take the same form
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// as regular middleware, however they require an
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// arity of 4, aka the signature (err, req, res, next).
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// when connect has an error, it will invoke ONLY error-handling
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// middleware.
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// If we were to next() here any remaining non-error-handling
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// middleware would then be executed, or if we next(err) to
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// continue passing the error, only error-handling middleware
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// would remain being executed, however here
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// we simply respond with an error page.
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app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
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// we may use properties of the error object
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// here and next(err) appropriately, or if
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// we possibly recovered from the error, simply next().
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res.status(err.status || 500);
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res.render('500', { error: err });
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});
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/* istanbul ignore next */
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if (!module.parent) {
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app.listen(3000);
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console.log('Express started on port 3000');
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}
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